dc.contributor.author	Kamisaka, Y.
dc.contributor.author	Harboe, Torstein
dc.contributor.author	Power, Deborah
dc.contributor.author	Rønnestad, I.
dc.date.accessioned	2014-04-07T11:55:30Z
dc.date.available	2014-04-07T11:55:30Z
dc.date.issued	2014-02-19
dc.date.updated	2014-04-02T10:39:20Z
dc.description.abstract	Background: Flatfish metamorphosis is a hormone regulated post-embryonic developmental event that transforms a symmetric larva into an asymmetric juvenile. In altricial-gastric teleost fish, differentiation of the stomach takes place after the onset of first feeding, and during metamorphosis dramatic molecular and morphological modifications of the gastrointestinal (GI-) tract occur. Here we present the functional ontogeny of the developing GI-tract from an integrative perspective in the pleuronectiforme Atlantic halibut, and test the hypothesis that the multiple functions of the teleost stomach develop synchronously during metamorphosis. Results: Onset of gastric function was determined with several approaches (anatomical, biochemical, molecular and in vivo observations). In vivo pH analysis in the GI-tract lumen combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) of α and β subunits of the gastric proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) and pepsinogen A2 indicated that gastric proteolytic capacity is established during the climax of metamorphosis. Transcript abundance of ghrelin, a putative orexigenic signalling molecule produced in the developing stomach, correlated (p < 0.05) with the emergence of gastric proteolytic activity, suggesting that the stomach’s role in appetite regulation occurs simultaneously with the establishment of proteolytic function. A 3D models series of the GI-tract development indicated a functional pyloric sphincter prior to first feeding. Observations of fed larvae in vivo confirmed that stomach reservoir function was established before metamorphosis, and was thus independent of this event. Mechanical breakdown of food and transportation of chyme through the GI-tract was observed in vivo and resulted from phasic and propagating contractions established well before metamorphosis. The number of contractions in the midgut decreased at metamorphic climax synchronously with establishment of the stomach’s proteolytic capacity and its increased peristaltic activity. Putative osmoregulatory competence of the GI-tract, inferred by abundance of Na+/K+-ATPase α transcripts, was already established at the onset of exogenous feeding and was unmodified by metamorphosis.Conclusions: The functional specialization of the GI-tract was not exclusive to metamorphosis, and its osmoregulatory capacity and reservoir function were established before first feeding. Nonetheless, acid production and the proteolytic capacity of the stomach coincided with metamorphic climax, and also marked the onset of the stomach’s involvement in appetite regulation via ghrelin.	por
dc.identifier.citation	BMC Developmental Biology. 2014 Feb 19;14(1):11	por
dc.identifier.doi	10.1186/1471-213X-14-11
dc.identifier.other	AUT: DPO00386;
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/3740
dc.language.iso	eng	por
dc.peerreviewed	yes	por
dc.publisher	BioMed Central	por
dc.relation.publisherversion	http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/14/11	por
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
dc.subject	Atlantic halibut	por
dc.subject	Stomach	por
dc.subject	Gastric proton pump	por
dc.subject	Gastrointestinal tract	por
dc.subject	Ghrelin	por
dc.subject	Motility	por
dc.subject	Na + /K + -ATPase	por
dc.subject	Pepsinogen	por
dc.subject	Ontogeny	por
dc.subject	pH	por
dc.title	Functional modifications associated with gastrointestinal tract organogenesis during metamorphosis in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)	por
dc.type	journal article
dspace.entity.type	Publication
oaire.citation.issue	11	por
oaire.citation.title	BMC Developmental Biology	por
oaire.citation.volume	14	por
person.familyName	Power
person.givenName	Deborah Mary
person.identifier.ciencia-id	891A-8A44-3CAE
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0003-1366-0246
person.identifier.scopus-author-id	7101806760
rcaap.rights	openAccess	por
rcaap.type	article	por
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	c68f5ffb-63f6-4c70-8957-29e464fb59c0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery	c68f5ffb-63f6-4c70-8957-29e464fb59c0

Functional modifications associated with gastrointestinal tract organogenesis during metamorphosis in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

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