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Mapping global shipless areas and conflict zones between shipping and large marine vertebrates

2025-11Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg14:Proteger a Vida Marinha
datacite.subject.sdg13:Ação Climática
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
dc.contributor.authorMestre, Frederico
dc.contributor.authorD'Amico, M.
dc.contributor.authorBastazini, V. A. G.
dc.contributor.authorAssis, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorJacinto, D.
dc.contributor.authorMarçalo, Ana
dc.contributor.authorAscensão, F.
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-13T11:36:16Z
dc.date.available2026-03-13T11:36:16Z
dc.date.issued2025-11
dc.description.abstractThe growth of global maritime traffic poses increasing threats to marine biodiversity, including vessel collisions, behavioural disturbances, and pollution. Protecting areas with minimal shipping activity and identifying highrisk conflict zones between biodiversity and vessel traffic is crucial for conservation and mitigation efforts. However, a comprehensive assessment of these threats has yet to be conducted. We present a global analysis of shipless areas and examine the overlap between shipping density and the distribution of marine taxa known to be impacted by vessel activity—namely, cetaceans, sea turtles, pinnipeds, and seabirds. We identify regions where high biodiversity coincides with either low or intense vessel activity, designating them as Priority Preservation Areas and Priority Mitigation Areas, corresponding to low- and high-conflict zones. We also assess the extent to which Marine Protected Areas, Exclusive Economic Zones, and High Seas encompass these zones. Our results show that MPAs currently cover 12.1 % of shipless areas, 15.2 % of PPAs, and 16.2 % of PMAs, while no-take MPAs cover 6.8 % of shipless areas, 9.5 % of PPAs, and 5.6 % of PMAs. Our findings reveal that shipless areas are mainly restricted to polar and remote oceanic regions. PPAs are mostly located at high southern latitudes, while PMAs are concentrated along coasts, particularly in the mid-Pacific, southern Indian Ocean, and South Atlantic. We underscore the need to preserve low-conflict zones and implement targeted mitigation strategies—such as traffic rerouting and speed reductions—in high-conflict areas. Our framework supports global marine conservation goals, including the 30 × 30 biodiversity target.eng
dc.description.sponsorship2022.01773.CEECIND/CP1722/CT0010;
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111431
dc.identifier.issn0006-3207
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/28419
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
dc.relationCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes
dc.relationMarine and Environmental Sciences Centre
dc.relationAquatic Research Infrastructure Network
dc.relation.ispartofBiological Conservation
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCetaceans
dc.subjectSea turtles
dc.subjectPinnipeds
dc.subjectSeabirds
dc.subjectVessel density
dc.subjectConservation planning
dc.titleMapping global shipless areas and conflict zones between shipping and large marine vertebrateseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
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oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes
oaire.awardTitleMarine and Environmental Sciences Centre
oaire.awardTitleAquatic Research Infrastructure Network
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oaire.citation.startPage111431
oaire.citation.titleBiological Conservation
oaire.citation.volume311
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oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameMestre
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