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A path toward transferable PEDOT: PSS-based capacitive sensors: electrical modeling and fabrication

2025-10Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis
datacite.subject.sdg13:Ação Climática
dc.contributor.authorInácio, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorGuerra, Rui
dc.contributor.authorStallinga, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-18T11:11:37Z
dc.date.available2026-03-18T11:11:37Z
dc.date.issued2025-10
dc.description.abstractThis study presents the development and characterization of a novel transferable capacitive sensor based on poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the primary electrode material. The electrodes were fabricated using an in-situ deposition technique that leverages the self-adhesive, flexible, and highly conductive properties of PEDOT:PSS to enable direct and stable contact with diverse surfaces for continuous, non-invasive hydration measurement. To evaluate their performance, PEDOT:PSS-based sensors were systematically compared with alternative electrode materials—including graphite, silver, gold, and indium tin oxide (ITO)—under controlled humidity conditions. A key innovation in this work is the integration of an ultra-lowcost impedance measurement system, enabling scalable and cost-effective capacitance-based hydration sensing. The study explores sensor fabrication, material characterization, and equivalent circuit modeling, quantifying the contributions of interfacial capacitance and dielectric properties. The results show that PEDOT: PSS electrodes exhibit enhanced hydration sensitivity at the electrode-dielectric interface, confirming that hydration-driven charge transport mechanisms dominate its capacitive response. This unique property allows PEDOT:PSS to detect subtle hydration fluctuations more effectively than conventional electrode materials, making it particularly well-suited for real-time monitoring in wearable electronics, biomedical diagnostics, and environmental sensing. Although physiological validation remains an essential next step, these findings establish a foundation for integrating PEDOT:PSS-based capacitive sensors into bioelectronics, flexible sensing platforms, and environmental monitoring technologies, facilitating the development of cost-effective, non-invasive hydration sensors across multiple fields.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipALG01–0247-FEDER-037303
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.sna.2025.116779
dc.identifier.issn0924-4247
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/28463
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationCenter for Electronics, Optoelectronics and Telecommunications
dc.relationCenter for Electronics, Optoelectronics and Telecommunications
dc.relation.ispartofSensors and Actuators A: Physical
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCapacitive sensors
dc.subjectTransferable PEDOT:PSS electrodes
dc.subjectIn-situ electrode fabrication
dc.subjectSelf-adhesive sensors
dc.subjectHydration-sensitive electronics
dc.subjectFlexible electronics
dc.subjectImpedance-based sensing
dc.titleA path toward transferable PEDOT: PSS-based capacitive sensors: electrical modeling and fabricationeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/00631/2020
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/00631/2020
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Electronics, Optoelectronics and Telecommunications
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Electronics, Optoelectronics and Telecommunications
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00631%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00631%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.startPage116779
oaire.citation.titleSensors and Actuators: A. Physical
oaire.citation.volume393
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameInácio
person.familyNameGuerra
person.familyNameStallinga
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameRui
person.givenNamePeter
person.identifier2001885
person.identifier2477494
person.identifier.ciencia-id1510-2B36-5ED1
person.identifier.ciencia-id3D16-5067-D6BB
person.identifier.ciencia-idC917-2333-5797
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1986-7918
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8642-5792
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9581-6875
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55938897300
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6701332987
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication127aefaa-ee35-4706-9e3b-ee06fa44bb4a
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationeff7071e-e676-465b-bae3-983f522acd98
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa81fc5fb-94ec-4160-bfdc-ea33cfdbf216
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