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A direct CO2 control system for ocean acidification experiments: testing effects on the coralline red algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum

2016-09Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorSordo, L.
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Rui
dc.contributor.authorReis, João
dc.contributor.authorShulika, Alona
dc.contributor.authorSilva, João
dc.date.accessioned2017-04-07T15:56:00Z
dc.date.available2017-04-07T15:56:00Z
dc.date.issued2016-09
dc.description.abstractMost ocean acidification (OA) experimental systems rely on pH as an indirect way to control CO2. However, accurate pH measurements are difficult to obtain and shifts in temperature and/or salinity alter the relationship between pH and pCO(2). Here we describe a system in which the target pCO(2) is controlled via direct analysis of pCO(2) in seawater. This direct type of control accommodates potential temperature and salinity shifts, as the target variable is directly measured instead of being estimated. Water in a header tank is permanently re-circulated through an air-water equilibrator. The equilibrated air is then routed to an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) that measures pCO(2) and conveys this value to a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The controller commands a solenoid valve that opens and closes the CO2 flush that is bubbled into the header tank. This low-cost control system allows the maintenance of stabilized levels of pCO(2) for extended periods of time ensuring accurate experimental conditions. This system was used to study the long term effect of OA on the coralline red algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum. We found that after 11 months of high CO2 exposure, photosynthesis increased with CO2 as opposed to respiration, which was positively affected by temperature. Results showed that this system is adequate to run long-term OA experiments and can be easily adapted to test other relevant variables simultaneously with CO2, such as temperature, irradiance and nutrients.
dc.identifier.doi10.7717/peerj.2503
dc.identifier.issn2167-8359
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/9287
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationMäerl calcification, photosynthesis and metabolism in an acidified ocean
dc.relation.isbasedonWOS:000384148600007
dc.titleA direct CO2 control system for ocean acidification experiments: testing effects on the coralline red algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMäerl calcification, photosynthesis and metabolism in an acidified ocean
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/3599-PPCDT/PTDC%2FMAR%2F115789%2F2009/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/SFRH/SFRH%2FBD%2F76762%2F2011/PT
oaire.citation.endPagee2503
oaire.citation.startPagee2503
oaire.citation.titlePEERJ
oaire.citation.volume4
oaire.fundingStream3599-PPCDT
oaire.fundingStreamSFRH
person.familyNameSORDO
person.familyNameSantos
person.familyNameSilva
person.givenNameLAURA
person.givenNameRui
person.givenNameJoão
person.identifier558340
person.identifier42560
person.identifier82814
person.identifier.ciencia-id6A17-AE94-6B54
person.identifier.ciencia-id9B18-444D-2244
person.identifier.ciencia-id8216-527E-1BD4
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1045-2014
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7861-4366
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7211-1661
person.identifier.ridB-4168-2008
person.identifier.ridJ-7874-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id36987005700
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7201375018
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7403023547
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
rcaap.typearticle
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication84487ca8-404a-4584-81f0-3662c340d712
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