Percorrer por autor "Brian, Joshua I."
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- Destructive fishing: an expert‐driven definition and exploration of this quasi‐conceptPublication . McCarthy, Arlie Hannah; Steadman, Daniel; Richardson, Hannah; Murphy, Jack; Benbow, Sophie; Brian, Joshua I.; Brooks, Holly; Costa‐Domingo, Giulia; Hazin, Carolina; McOwen, Chris; Walker, Jessica; Willer, David F.; Abdi, Mohamad; Auster, Peter J.; Bealey, Roy; Bensted‐Smith, Robert; Broadburn, Kathryn; Carvalho, Gonçalo; Collinson, Tom; Erinosho, Bolanle; Fabinyi, Michael; Febrica, Senia; Forbi, Wilson Ngwa; Garcia, Serge M; Goad, David; Goldsworthy, Lynda; Govan, Hugh; Heaphy, Charles; Hiddink, Jan Geert; Hosch, Gilles; Kachelriess, Daniel; Kinch, Jeff; Lancaster, Alana Malinde S. N.; Manach, Frédéric Le; Matthews, Thomas; Ortiz, Alfonso Medellín; Morgan, Alexia; Motta, Helena; Murua, Hilario; Namboothri, Naveen; Ndiritu, Evelyne; Passfield, Kelvin; Pilcher, Nicolas J.; Portus, James O.; Rguez‐Baron, Juan M.; Robertson, Morven; Sharma, Abhilasha; Suazo, Cristián G.; Tamini, Leandro Luis; Vilata‐Simón, Juan; Mukherjee, NibeditaNumerous policy and international frameworks consider that “destructive fishing” hampers efforts to reach sustainability goals. Though ubiquitous, “destructive fishing” is undefined and therefore currently immeasurable. Here we propose a definition developed through expert consultation: “Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in longterm declines in target or nontarget species beyond biologically safe limits and has negative livelihood impacts.” We show strong stakeholder support for a definition, consensus on many biological and ecological dimensions, and no clustering of respondents from different sectors. Our consensus definition is a significant step toward defining sustainable fisheries goals and will help interpret and implement global political commitments which utilize the term “destructive fishing.” Our definition and results will help reinforce the Food and Agricultural Organization’s Code of Conduct and meaningfully support member countries to prohibit destructive fishing practices.
- A global meta‐analysis of ecological functions and regulating ecosystem services of freshwater bivalvesPublication . Zieritz, Alexandra; Brian, Joshua I.; Sousa, Ronaldo; Aldridge, David C.; Atkinson, Carla L.; Douda, Karel; Vaughn, Caryn; Bespalaya, Yulia; Richmond, Tabitha; Ćmiel, Adam M.; Crisp, Alma; Dobler, Andreas H.; Ercoli, Fabio; Esteves, Eduardo; Ferreira‐Rodríquez, Noé; Geist, Juergen; González, Irene Sánchez; Halabowski, Dariusz; Hoos, Philipp; Hopper, Garrett W.; Hyvärinen, Heini; Ilarri, Martina; Lewin, Iga; Lipińska, Anna M.; Mageroy, Jon H.; Nizzoli, Daniele; Ollard, Isobel; Österling, Martin; Riccardi, Nicoletta; Rock, Sebastian L.; Sjönberg, Tuomo; Taskinen, Jouni; Urbanič, Gorazd; Urbańska, Maria; Yu, Qingqing; Vaz, Ana SofiaFreshwater bivalves are globally distributed, diverse, and common in benthic communities. Many taxa, par-ticularly in the most species-rich order, Unionida, are declining due to anthropogenic stressors, while a small number of non-native species have become increasingly abundant and widespread, commonly replacing nativebivalve assemblages. To understand how these global changes may impact ecosystems and people, we con-ducted a meta-analysis of existing literature quantifying the ecological functions (= supporting or intermediateecosystem services) and regulating ecosystem services of freshwater bivalves (hereafter “ecosystem services”).Random effects meta-analysis modeling across 447 case studies revealed a positive effect on human health,safety, or comfort of freshwater bivalve ecosystem services overall and specifically, via effects on nativemacrofauna, microorganisms, wastes, and pollutants, and the physico-chemical condition or quantity of sedi-ments. Generally, effects of native species and species within the orders Unionida and Venerida were more sig-nificant and positive than those of other freshwater bivalves. No significant overall effect was found forecosystem services related to zooplankton, algae, invasive species, and the physico-chemical condition of ambi-ent water. Moreover, a significant bias toward publication of positive results existed for studies quantifying eco-system services related to algae. These findings illustrate the global importance of the ecosystem services offreshwater bivalves and highlight the need for large-scale conservation and restoration efforts for their speciesand populations globally, including those of common species. Our findings also question common assumptionsof strong and ubiquitous effects of freshwater bivalves on algae and water condition, cautioning against extrapo-lating observations across systems.