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  • Pharmacogenomic biomarkers as source of evidence of the effectiveness and safety of antidepressant therapy
    Publication . Correia, Catarina; Alcobia, Luciano; Lopes, Manuel J.; Advinha, Ana M.
    Objective: The main goal of this work was to identify, describe, characterize, and classify the scientifc evidence regarding the use of pharmacogenomic biomarkers in antidepressant treatment. Methods: The work was developed in two phases: i) a search for pharmacogenomic biomarkers in summaries of antidepressant drugs with marketing authorization in Portugal; and ii) a systematic literature review based on the data obtained in the frst phase, with the main objective of fnding international literature that could describe and characterize previously reported biomarkers and identify other relevant biomarkers. Finally, the levels of evidence and recommendation grades were classifed. Results: Among the 26 drugs with marketing authorization in Portugal, only 16 had pharmacogenomic information. The most widely studied pharmacogenomic biomarker was CYP2D6. These results were mostly supported by the systematic literature review, which yielded 103 papers, 63 of which were ultimately included in the review. The sys‑ tematic literature review also revealed the existence of other relevant biomarkers. Most of the included studies show a good level of evidence, which guarantees reliability and good recommendation grades. For the database (built during phase i), the results were informative but resulted in no specifc recommendations. Conclusions: Most pharmacogenomic variants are not studied or acknowledged by genetic tests, and more scien‑ tifc research is needed to confrm their usefulness. Therefore, only a small number of variants are considered when prescribing antidepressant drugs. In addition, genotyping of patients is not common in clinical practice.
    2022-08-30Journal article Open access Show more
  • Valorization of brewery waste through Polyhydroxyalkanoates production supported by a metabolic specialized microbiome
    Publication . Carvalheira, Mónica; Amorim, Catarina L.; Oliveira, Ana Catarina; Guarda, Eliana C.; Costa, Eunice; Ribau Teixeira, Margarida; Castro, Paula M. L.; Duque, Anouk F.; Reis, Maria A. M.
    Raw brewers’ spent grain (BSG), a by-product of beer production and produced at a large scale, presents a composition that has been shown to have potential as feedstock for several biological processes, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production. Although the high interest in the PHA production from waste, the bioconversion of BSG into PHA using microbial mixed cultures (MMC) has not yet been explored. This study explored the feasibility to produce PHA from BSG through the enrichment of a mixed microbial culture in PHA-storing organisms. The increase in organic loading rate (OLR) was shown to have only a slight influence on the process performance, although a high selectivity in PHA-storing microorganisms accumulation was reached. The culture was enriched on various PHA-storing microorganisms, such as bacteria belonging to the Meganema, Carnobacterium, Leucobacter, and Paracocccus genera. The enrichment process led to specialization of the microbiome, but the high diversity in PHA-storing microorganisms could have contributed to the process stability and efficiency, allowing for achieving a maximum PHA content of 35.2 ± 5.5 wt.% (VSS basis) and a yield of 0.61 ± 0.09 CmmolPHA/CmmolVFA in the accumulation assays. Overall, the production of PHA from fermented BSG is a feasible process confirming the valorization potential of the feedstock through the production of added-value products.
    2022-08-30Journal article Open access Show more