Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-11-10"
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- Profilaxia da transmissão do VIH na gravidez e período pós-partoPublication . Martins, João Pedro Rodrigues; Silva, Isabel Maria Júlio daA problemática da infeção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) continua a ser relevante no tempo presente. Apesar dos esforços desenvolvidos ao nível da prevenção da doença com medidas como os programas de trocas de agulhas e seringas e os métodos contracetivos, a investigação desenvolvida na área da profilaxia da transmissão da infeção para os filhos durante a gravidez é ainda limitada. Os esforços realizados ao longo dos anos, no desenvolvimento da terapêutica antirretroviral (TAR) têm permitido uma melhor qualidade de vida das pessoas portadoras desta infeção. No entanto, devido às especificidades do período da gestação, considera-se importante que as mulheres grávidas tenham um acompanhamento especializado e diferenciado. Assim sendo, é crucial o seguimento da carga viral das mulheres grávidas, de forma a monitorizar a efetividade da sua terapêutica e a minimizar a transmissão para os filhos durante a gestação. Atualmente, uma boa gestão da terapêutica, durante a gravidez e no período pós-parto faz com que a transmissão para os filhos seja praticamente ínfima. O período pós-parto constitui também um momento em que a infeção por VIH pode ser transmitida para os filhos e, por isso, o acompanhamento médico e os cuidados com a terapêutica não devem ser descurados. Esta realidade nem sempre é possível devido a fatores como a região geográfica em que vivem as famílias ou o estigma social. A monitorização dos recém-nascidos e das crianças ao longo dos primeiros anos de vida é de supra importância, permitindo confirmar a sua serologia para o VIH. Quando a infeção não consegue ser evitada, é conveniente que a terapêutica instituída nas crianças seja prescrita por especialistas com experiência na área. A monitorização das crianças deve ser ajustada à sua idade, uma vez que alguns dos seus valores analíticos diferem dos valores de referência para adultos.
- The gut bacteriome and bacteroides spp. diversity in healthy ageingPublication . Ferrador, Liliane Miguel Dias Pinto; Faleiro, LeonorAgeing is essentially a biological process that leads to the malfunction of cells and organs, dysregulation of body systems, and generally, age-related illnesses that ultimately result in the individual's death. These age-related medical conditions can have several consequences for the organism affecting several systems in the body. One of the elements between disease and body response is the gut microbiota. Several factors can affect the microbiota composition, including age and health status. An important genus in the gut is Bacteroides and its abundance in the elderly have been targeted with different outcomes. Therefore, studying the alterations of the microbiome in the elderly population can constitute a valuable tool to help understand the non-healthy and healthy status of old individuals, and also establish interventions in the gut microbiota to promote health in the elderly people. In the current study, twelve faecal samples from 7 healthy and 5 non-healthy individuals aged between 60 and 90 years old, including individuals from both genders from the Algarve region were analysed regarding their bacteriome using the Oxford Nanopore system. The isolation of Bacteroides species was performed using the culture medium Bacteroides vulgatus Selective Agar (BVSA). Isolates from representative characteristic and uncharacteristic colonies were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and the Gram-negative isolates from uncharacteristic colonies were first identified using the RapID ONE system (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The individual bacteriome profile revealed that the phylum Firmicutes was prevalent in all samples except for one that showed the dominance of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The bacteriome pattern regarding the abundance of the different genera and species evidence a tendency for a unique pattern, but Oscillibacter valericigenes was abundant in the majority of the samples. Differences between gender were noticed, namely, the phylum Proteobacteria was more abundant in males, and several species were unique for each group. The results of the bacteriome profile according to the health status evidence that Bacteroides vulgatus (Phocaeicola vulgatus) was more abundant in the non-healthy group, whereas Prevotella copri was more abundant in the healthy group. It was possible to recover in culture the different Bacteroides species, even those reported at very low numbers in the bacteriome.
- Gender and tobacco consumption among University studentsPublication . Costa, Emília; Godoy, María de los Ángeles Merino; Almeida, Manuela; Silva, Alexandra; Nave, FilipeIn 2019, an estimated 155 million people aged between 15 and 24 were smokers. It is also known that 82.6% of current smokers started smoking between 14 and 25 years old. Tobacco uses in adolescents and young adults can lead to the development of serious and potentially life-threatening health problems. The aim of the present investigation is to identify and describe the practices related to the consumption of tobacco products and their distribution according to gender among students at the University of Algarve. This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. For inferential statistics, a non-parametric analysis (χ 2 ) was performed. The sample consisted of 326 university students, 75.5% female, with an average age of 26.03 years. In this sample, 45% of men and 57.7% of women reported never having smoked. In male students, the pattern of combined consumption is more frequent, with female students preferring conventional cigarettes. Statistically significant differences were found between genders for the pattern of tobacco consumption, the number of colleagues/peers who smoke, the opinion about tobacco-free outdoor spaces and the knowledge about new forms of tobacco/nicotine consumption. The university campus is identified by students as the second space where they most consume tobacco products and where they are most exposed to tobacco smoke. This fact forces a reflection on the strategies to be implemented to develop a healthier university