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Abstract(s)
A problemática da infeção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) continua a ser relevante no tempo presente. Apesar dos esforços desenvolvidos ao nível da prevenção da doença com medidas como os programas de trocas de agulhas e seringas e os métodos contracetivos, a investigação desenvolvida na área da profilaxia da transmissão da infeção para os filhos durante a gravidez é ainda limitada. Os esforços realizados ao longo dos anos, no desenvolvimento da terapêutica antirretroviral (TAR) têm permitido uma melhor qualidade de vida das pessoas portadoras desta infeção. No entanto, devido às especificidades do período da gestação, considera-se importante que as mulheres grávidas tenham um acompanhamento especializado e diferenciado. Assim sendo, é crucial o seguimento da carga viral das mulheres grávidas, de forma a monitorizar a efetividade da sua terapêutica e a minimizar a transmissão para os filhos durante a gestação. Atualmente, uma boa gestão da terapêutica, durante a gravidez e no período pós-parto faz com que a transmissão para os filhos seja praticamente ínfima.
O período pós-parto constitui também um momento em que a infeção por VIH pode ser transmitida para os filhos e, por isso, o acompanhamento médico e os cuidados com a terapêutica não devem ser descurados. Esta realidade nem sempre é possível devido a fatores como a região geográfica em que vivem as famílias ou o estigma social.
A monitorização dos recém-nascidos e das crianças ao longo dos primeiros anos de vida é de supra importância, permitindo confirmar a sua serologia para o VIH. Quando a infeção não consegue ser evitada, é conveniente que a terapêutica instituída nas crianças seja prescrita por especialistas com experiência na área. A monitorização das crianças deve ser ajustada à sua idade, uma vez que alguns dos seus valores analíticos diferem dos valores de referência para adultos.
The issue of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains relevant at the present time. Despite the efforts made in terms of disease prevention with measures such as needle and syringe Exchange programs and contraceptive methods, research in the area of prophylaxis of transmission of the infection to children during pregnancy is still limited. The efforts made over the years in the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have allowed a better quality of life for people with this infection. However, due to the specifics of the gestation period, it is considered important that pregnant women have specialized and differentiated follow-up. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the viral load of pregnant women, in order to monitor the effectiveness of their therapy and minimize transmission to their children during pregnancy. Currently, good management of therapy, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, means that transmission to children is practically negligible. The postpartum period is also a time when HIV infection can be transmitted to children and, therefore, medical follow-up and care with therapy should not be neglected. This reality is not always possible due to factors such as the geographical region in which the families live or social stigma. Monitoring of new-borns and children throughout the first years of life is of paramount importance, allowing the confirmation of their HIV serology. When the infection cannot be avoided, it is advisable that the therapy instituted in children be prescribed by specialists with experience in the field. The monitoring of children must be adjusted to their age, as some of their analytical values differ from the reference values for adults.
The issue of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains relevant at the present time. Despite the efforts made in terms of disease prevention with measures such as needle and syringe Exchange programs and contraceptive methods, research in the area of prophylaxis of transmission of the infection to children during pregnancy is still limited. The efforts made over the years in the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have allowed a better quality of life for people with this infection. However, due to the specifics of the gestation period, it is considered important that pregnant women have specialized and differentiated follow-up. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the viral load of pregnant women, in order to monitor the effectiveness of their therapy and minimize transmission to their children during pregnancy. Currently, good management of therapy, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, means that transmission to children is practically negligible. The postpartum period is also a time when HIV infection can be transmitted to children and, therefore, medical follow-up and care with therapy should not be neglected. This reality is not always possible due to factors such as the geographical region in which the families live or social stigma. Monitoring of new-borns and children throughout the first years of life is of paramount importance, allowing the confirmation of their HIV serology. When the infection cannot be avoided, it is advisable that the therapy instituted in children be prescribed by specialists with experience in the field. The monitoring of children must be adjusted to their age, as some of their analytical values differ from the reference values for adults.
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Keywords
VIH SIDA Gravidez TAR Parto Amamentação