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- A characterization of biological activities and bioactive phenolics from the non-volatile fraction of the edible and medicinal Halophyte Sea Fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.)Publication . Lemoine, Clément; Rodrigues, Maria João; Dauvergne, Xavier; Cérantola, Stéphane; Custódio, Luísa; Magné, ChristianAlthough the biochemical composition and biological properties of the volatile fraction of the halophyte sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) have been largely described, little is known about its polar constituents and bioactivities. Here, a hydromethanolic extract of Crithmum maritimum (L.) leaves was fractionated, and the fractions were evaluated in vitro for antioxidant (using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP bioassays), anti-inflammatory (inhibition of NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages), antidiabetic (alpha-glucosidase inhibition), neuroprotective (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase), and skin-protective (tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitions) activities. Polar fractions of the extract were rich in phenolics and, correlatively, displayed a strong antioxidant power. Moreover, fractions eluted with MeOH20 and MeOH80 exhibited a marked inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.02 and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively), MeOH60 fractions showed a strong capacity to reduce NO production in macrophages (IC50 = 6.4 µg/mL), and MeOH80 and MeOH100 fractions had strong anti-tyrosinase activities (630 mgKAE/gDW). NMR analyses revealed the predominance of chlorogenic acid in MeOH20 fractions, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in MeOH40 fractions, and 3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-glucoside, 3-O-galactoside, and 3-O-robinobioside derivatives of quercetin in MeOH60 fractions. These compounds likely account for the strong antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of sea-fennel polar extract, respectively. Overall, our results make sea fennel a valuable source of medicinal or nutraceutical agents to prevent diabetes, inflammation processes, and oxidative damage.
- Investigation of natural patterns of coral recruit-benthos interactions with a focus on interactions with crustose coralline algae in Moorea, French PolynesiaPublication . Clément, Esclavy; Vinagre, CatarinaCrustose coralline algae and macroalgae play a vital role in the coral reef ecosystem by engaging in intricate relationships with corals. It is widely recognized that corals and crustose coralline algae (CCA) can form associations that have the potential to be beneficial for both the corals and the entire reef ecosystem. However, these relationships are often intricate and can be challenging to ascertain due to their subtlety. Because of the importance of CCA in coral reefs, there is growing interest in understanding their interactions with corals, in particular at the recruit life stage, although these relationships remain relatively undocumented and require specialist expertise. In the context of this study, we conducted an in-situ survey at two distinct sites on the island of Moorea, namely Rotui and Temae. The objective of this research was to explore the type and outcomes of interactions between coral recruits and algae, with a focus on crustose coralline algae. All non-cryptic CCA species exhibited neutral associations with corals, with predominantly negative outcomes on both study sites. Porolithon onkodes, a CCA, primarily displayed neutral interactions with coral recruits, although a negative percentage was recorded, positioning it as the less favorable CCA in these interactions. Additionally, more negative outcomes were identified for this CCA concerning small recruits (< 5 mm). Cryptic CCAs, in contrast, demonstrated significantly more positive interactions, displaying a substantial quantity of positive associations with coral recruits. This was observed along with positive outcomes with Harveylithon munitum, Mastophora Pacifica, and CCA species CCA species forming thin crusts, with some variations between the two study sites. Algae of the Peyssonnelia genus, the only non-calcareous macroalgae studied, exhibited no detrimental interactions with corals. Instead, they showed a considerable number of positive associations with coral recruits and were highly preferred by recruits under 5 mm. The results of this study reveal the patterns of species-specific associations between CCAs and coral recruits in Moorea, while confirming the conclusions of previous studies on the interactions between corals and macroalgae. This makes it possible to determine which organisms promote successful coral recruitment and to identify those likely to alter the associations between corals and coralline algae, by inhibiting or hindering the recruitment of coral larvae.