Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-09-27"
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- Replacement of fish meal with crustacean meals in diets for long-snouted seahorse, hippocampus guttulatus: digestibility and growth performancePublication . Palma, Jorge; Correia, Miguel; Andrade, José Pedro Andrade; Bureau, DominiqueThis study investigated the effect of partially replacing fish meal with krill and copepod meals in inert diets co-fed with shrimp on the growth and nutrient digestibility of long-snout seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus). A control diet (Diet 1) using raw starch and four experimental diets with similar protein (approximate to 44.8%) and energy (approximate to 15.1 MJ/kg) levels were tested. Diet 2 used fish meal as the sole protein source, while in Diets 3-5, krill and copepod meals replaced 44% of the fish meal. Seahorses fed shrimp + Diets 2-5 showed significantly higher growth rates (p < 0.05) than those fed shrimp + Diet 1, though there were no significant growth differences among Diets 2-5. Digestibility of dry matter (46.1% to 72.2%), lipids (73.3% to 85.5%), crude protein (89.8% to 95.8%), energy (82% to 92.2%), and phosphorus (28.7% to 64.4%) varied with diet, being consistently lower in seahorses fed shrimp + Diet 1. As an agastric species, H. guttulatus did not exhibit impaired digestibility for any of the tested nutrients, minerals, or energy. This study suggests that crustacean meals can effectively substitute fish meal in inert diets for this species, contributing to the sustainability and optimization of captive seahorse husbandry practices.
- Genetic parameters and genotype - environment interaction for growth and quality traits in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)Publication . Rüth, Timon Bijan; Gavaia, Paulo Jorge Travessa; Lopez, Juan Manuel AfonsoGenetic improvement of aquaculture species is crucial to ensure sustainable and profitable production. This applies especially to whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), the most produced aquaculture species globally in terms of biomass. In this trial, conducted in the facilities of Grupo Almar, Ecuador, a population from a Penaeus vannamei breeding program (PMG-BIOGEMAR), comprised of full-sib and half-sib families, was assessed for heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations and the genotype-environment interaction (GxE). The traits assessed in this study were related to weight, morphology, and quality (texture, and color). The company cultures its breeding nucleus in a high-salinity and high-density RAS environment, referred to as "ASIN", but conducts the commercial grow-out in low-salinity and low-density earth ponds, referred to as "BASIN". The vast differences between the two environments make it important to evaluate potential GxE effects between those two environments. Further, as the animals are commercialized and studied for genetic parameters in fresh, frozen, and thawed state, those three additional environments are equally of interest for GxE. For this particular trial, animals from the same families were cultured in “ASIN” and “BASIN” and traits of interest were studied in fresh, frozen and thawed state, depending on the trait and feasibility. Estimations for heritability of weight obtained in this study ranged from 0.22-0.34. For morphology traits, heritability was estimated from 0.05-0.32. Heritability estimates of quality traits ranged from 0.00-0.28 for texture traits, and 0.03-0.28 for color traits. Regarding the study of GxE, interactions were determined by genetic correlations between the same trait in the two respective environments. Considering growth traits between “ASIN” and “BASIN”, the estimations of genetic correlations ranged from 0.69 to 0.88, indicating low but notable interaction. Genetic correlation estimates for the same traits between fresh and thawed animals were high, ranging from 0.93 to 0.99, implying low to no GxE interaction. Genetic correlations between the color traits evaluated in frozen and thawed animals were high, ranging from 0.98 to 1. The standard errors were low, at 0.02-0.05, giving high confidence in the conclusion that no GxE is present.
- Genetic diversity of rotavirus A causing diarrhea in patients admitted to the Clinic University Hospital in Valencia, Spain (2022-2024)Publication . Conjo, Carolina da Glória Dinis; Ferreira, Bibiana I.; Gomez, Javier Buesa; Deus, Nilsa deA diarreia é uma das principais causas de mortalidade infantil em todo o mundo, e o rotavírus destaca-se como o principal agente etiológico associado. Neste contexto, muitos países introduziram a vacina contra o rotavírus no seu calendário de vacinação infantil, incluindo a Espanha. No entanto, a carga das doenças diarreicas continua elevada. Existe uma lacuna de informação em relação a infecção por rotavírus em pacientes que não tenham idade pediátrica e muitos fatores podem estar implicados na suscetibilidade a infeção por rotavírus entre eles os fatores genéticos do hospedeiro denominados Histo Blood Group Antigens (HBGA´s), que podem reconhecer agentes entéricos que modulam doenças entéricas infecciosas, conferindo risco ou suscetibilidade à população. Foi realizada uma análise transversal de dados de base hospitalar, de abril de 2022 a fevereiro de 2024, em 136 pacientes atendidos com diarreia no Hospital Clínico Universitário de Valência. A triagem inicial das amostras foi feita por Real-Time PCR no Hospital Clínico Universitário de Valencia, 136 amostras foram positivas para Rotavírus A (RVA) e testadas por RT-PCR para a identificação do genótipo no laboratório de Microbiologia da Universidade de Valência. A maior diversidade de estirpes de rotavírus foi encontrada em crianças menores de 2 anos e os genótipos mais comuns nesta faixa etária foram G4P[8] e G12P[8]. Cerca de 26,5% das amostras eram não tipificáveis, 16,9% correspondiam a G4P[8], 16,2% eram NTP[8] e 11,8% eram G12P[8]. A sazonalidade foi associada à distribuição das estirpes de rotavírus (p-valor<0,001), com maior pico de infecção em maio, julho e abril de 2023. O status secretor do gene FUT2 foi determinado em 7,7% (2/26) das amostras testadas. A presente análise mostrou uma alta proporção de infecção e diversidade genotípica em crianças com menos de 24 meses de idade. No futuro, será necessário investigar a diversidade genética e a dinâmica evolutiva das estirpes de rotavírus. Embora o estudo tenha encontrado dificuldades na determinação do status secretor para FUT2 a partir das amostras fecais, apresentou informações inovadoras sobre o potencial e as limitações desta abordagem.