Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-10-14"
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- Retrospective study of cisplatin plus radiotherapy toxicities in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck – ReCisTT studyPublication . Gomes, Ana; Castro, Gilberto; Oliveira, Thiago Bueno de; Colmenero, Ana Medina; Ribeiro, Leonor; Psyrri, Amanda; Magné, Nicolas; Serrahima, Maria Plana; Marinho, Joana; Giglio, Raul; Rey, Leticia Iglesias; Angel, Martín; Macedo, AnaIntroduction Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors representing one of the most frequent cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tobacco and alcohol use account for most SCCHN, while a growing subset of oropharyngeal cancers is causally associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite improvements in overall survival, patients with HPV-negative locally advanced (LA) SCCHN continue to have a poor prognosis. For these patients, the standard of care is radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy (RCT).Methods This retrospective, multicenter, and observational study analyzed the treatment compliance of 326 patients with LA-SCCHN who underwent RCT between January 1st, 2014, and June 30th, 2017. This study also evaluated the potential factors associated with treatment compliance, the compliance impact on clinical response, and the main toxicities experienced by patients.Results A total of 274 (84%) patients were compliant and received the planned dose of cisplatin. Overall, 957 adverse events were reported in 98.2% of patients during the study. The overall response rate was 80.2%, with 60.4% of patients achieving a complete response.Discussion Despite the high treatment compliance, 62.6% of adverse events reported were related to cisplatin. Identifying risk factors associated with non-compliance could enable physicians to identify ineligible patients for cisplatin-based RCT and prevent patients from receiving inadequate treatment leading to severe adverse events.
- Editorial: Manipulation of plant architecture for crop productionPublication . Hilioti, Zoe; Panagiotis, Kalaitzis; Merkouropoulos, Georgios; Antunes, Maria DulcePlant architecture, encompassing the spatial arrangement and morphological characteristics of plant organs, plays a crucial role in agricultural productivity. This Research Topic presents current research and review on the manipulation of plant architecture in major crops, highlighting key findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, and genetic manipulation efforts.
- Effectiveness of Generative AI for Post-Earthquake damage assessmentPublication . Estêvão, João Manuel CarvalhoAfter an earthquake, rapid assessment of building damage is crucial for emergency response, reconstruction planning, and public safety. This study evaluates the performance of various Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) models in analyzing post-earthquake images to classify structural damage according to the EMS-98 scale, ranging from minor damage to total destruction. Correct classification rates for masonry buildings varied from 28.6% to 64.3%, with mean damage grade errors between 0.50 and 0.79, while for reinforced concrete buildings, rates ranged from 37.5% to 75.0%, with errors between 0.50 and 0.88. Fine-tuning these models could substantially improve accuracy. The practical implications are significant: integrating accurate GAI models into disaster response protocols can drastically reduce the time and resources required for damage assessment compared to traditional methods. This acceleration enables emergency services to make faster, data-driven decisions, optimize resource allocation, and potentially save lives. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of GAI models can enhance resilience planning by providing valuable data for future infrastructure improvements. The results of this work demonstrate the promise of GAI models for rapid, automated, and precise damage evaluation, underscoring their potential as invaluable tools for engineers, policymakers, and emergency responders in post-earthquake scenarios.