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- Leceia, Moita da Ladra e Outeiro Redondo: semelhanças e diferenças de três sítios muralhados da estremadura portuguesaPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Diniz, Mariana; Martins, Andrea; Neves, César; Arnaud, José M.Os três sítios muralhados de primeira grandeza em que o signatário dirigiu escavações arqueológicas: Leceia (Oeiras), entre 1983 e 2002; Moita da Ladra (Vila Franca de Xira), entre 2003 e 2006; e Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra), entre 2005 e 2016, produziram um conjunto de informações de relevância incontornável para o conhecimento das arquitecturas, das estratigrafias, e da cronologia absoluta, tornados assim essenciais para o conhecimento da economia e organização social das populações que ocuparam aquela vasta região, com significado cultural próprio: o chamado “Calcolítico da Estremadura”. A esta notável informação, somou-se a respeitante aos espólios arqueológicos exumados, os quais se encontram presentemente totalmente estudados e publicados de forma detalhada. Nesta comunicação, depois de se apresentarem as principais características arquitectónicas, de natureza defensiva e habitacional, respeitantes a cada um deles, valorizaram-se os espólios arqueológicos a partir da identificação dos artefactos susceptíveis, pela sua tipologia, de fornecerem informação objectiva acerca das actividades económicas mais importantes desenvolvidas pelos respectivos habitantes. Tais conclusões, articuladas com as características dos próprios sítios, incluindo a sua implantação geográfica e dimensões, conduziu, pela primeira vez, a conclusões sobre natureza funcional de cada um deles e quanto à forma como os mesmos se integravam no tecido demográfico e económico das penínsulas de Lisboa/Setúbal no decurso do 3.º milénio a.C., região já então densamente povoada.
- Climate effects on belowground tea litter decomposition depend on ecosystem and organic matter types in global wetlands.Publication . Trevathan-Tackett, Stacey M.; Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian; Malerba, Martino; Macreadie, Peter I.; Djukic, Ika; Zhao, Junbin; Young, Erica B.; York, Paul H.; Yeh, Shin-Cheng; Xiong, Yanmei; Winters, Gidon; Whitlock, Danielle; Weaver, Carolyn A.; Watson, Anne; Visby, Inger; Tylkowski, Jacek; Trethowan, Allison; Tiegs, Scott; Taylor, Ben; Szpikowski, Jozef; Szpikowska, Grażyna; Strickland, Victoria L; Stivrins, Normunds; Sousa, Ana I.; Sinutok, Sutinee; Scheffel, Whitney A.; Sanderman, Jonathan; Sánchez-Carrillo, Salvador; Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert; Rymer, Krzysztof G.; Ruiz-Fernandez, Ana Carolina; Robroek, Bjorn J. M.; Roberts, Tessa; Ricart, Aurora M.; Reynolds, Laura K.; Rachlewicz, Grzegorz; Prathep, Anchana; Pinsonneault, Andrew J; Pendall, Elise; Payne, Richard; Ozola, Ilze; Onufrock, Cody; Ola, Anne; Oberbauer, Steven F; Numbere, Aroloye O.; Novak, Alyssa B.; Norkko, Joanna; Norkko, Alf; Mozdzer, Thomas J.; Morgan, Pam; Montemayor, Diana I.; Martin, Charles W.; Malone, Sparkle L.; Major, Maciej; Majewski, Mikołaj; Lundquist, Carolyn J.; Lovelock, Catherine E; Liu, Songlin; Lin, Hsing-Juh; Lillebo, Ana; Li, Jinquan; Kominoski, John S.; Khuroo, Anzar Ahmad; Kelleway, Jeffrey J.; Jinks, Kristin I.; Jerónimo, Daniel; Janousek, Christopher; Jackson, Emma L.; Iribarne, Oscar; Hanley, Torrance; Hamid, Maroof; Gupta, Arjun; Guariento, Rafael D.; Grudzinska, Ieva; da Rocha Gripp, Anderson; González Sagrario, María A.; Garrison, Laura M.; Gagnon, Karine; Gacia, Esperança; Fusi, Marco; Farrington, Lachlan; Farmer, Jenny; de Assis Esteves, Francisco; Escapa, Mauricio; Domańska, Monika; Dias, André T. C.; Daffonchio, Daniele; Czyryca, Paweł M.; Connolly, Rod M.; Cobb, Alexander; Chudzińska, Maria; Christiaen, Bart; Chifflard, Peter; Castelar, Sara; Carneiro, Luciana S.; Cardoso-Mohedano, José Gilberto; Camden, Megan; Caliman, Adriano; Bulmer, Richard H.; Bowen, Jennifer; Boström, Christoffer; Bernal, Susana; Berges, John A.; Benavides, Juan C.; Barry, Savanna C.; Alatalo, Juha M.; Al-Haj, Alia N.; Adame, Maria Fernanda; Barrena de los Santos, Carmen; Santos, RuiPatchy global data on belowground litter decomposition dynamics limit our capacity to discern the drivers of carbon preservation and storage across inland and coastal wetlands. We performed a global, multiyear study in over 180 wetlands across 28 countries and 8 macroclimates using standardized litter as measures of "recalcitrant" (rooibos tea) and "labile" (green tea) organic matter (OM) decomposition. Freshwater wetlands and tidal marshes had the highest tea mass remaining, indicating a greater potential for carbon preservation in these ecosystems. Recalcitrant OM decomposition increased with elevated temperatures throughout the decay period, e.g., increase from 10 to 20 °C corresponded to a 1.46-fold increase in the recalcitrant OM decay rate constant. The effect of elevated temperature on labile OM breakdown was ecosystem-dependent, with tidally influenced wetlands showing limited effects of temperature compared with freshwater wetlands. Based on climatic projections, by 2050 wetland decay constants will increase by 1.8% for labile and 3.1% for recalcitrant OM. Our study highlights the potential for reduction in belowground OM in coastal and inland wetlands under increased warming, but the extent and direction of this effect at a large scale is dependent on ecosystem and OM characteristics. Understanding local versus global drivers is necessary to resolve ecosystem influences on carbon preservation in wetlands.
- Climate effects on belowground tea litter decomposition depend on ecosystem and organic matter types in global wetlands.Publication . Trevathan-Tackett, Stacey M.; Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian; Malerba, Martino; Macreadie, Peter I.; Djukic, Ika; Zhao, Junbin; Young, Erica B.; York, Paul H.; Yeh, Shin-Cheng; Xiong, Yanmei; Winters, Gidon; Whitlock, Danielle; Weaver, Carolyn A.; Watson, Anne; Visby, Inger; Tylkowski, Jacek; Trethowan, Allison; Tiegs, Scott; Taylor, Ben; Szpikowski, Jozef; Szpikowska, Grażyna; Strickland, Victoria L.; Stivrins, Normunds; Sousa, Ana I.; Sinutok, Sutinee; Scheffel, Whitney A.; Santos, Rui; Sanderman, Jonathan; Sánchez-Carrillo, Salvador; Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert; Rymer, Krzysztof G.; Ruiz-Fernandez, Ana Carolina; Robroek, Bjorn J. M.; Roberts, Tessa; Ricart, Aurora M.; Reynolds, Laura K.; Rachlewicz, Grzegorz; Prathep, Anchana; Pinsonneault, Andrew J.; Pendall, Elise; Payne, Richard; Ozola, Ilze; Onufrock, Cody; Ola, Anne; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Numbere, Aroloye O.; Novak, Alyssa B.; Norkko, Joanna; Norkko, Alf; Mozdzer, Thomas J.; Morgan, Pam; Montemayor, Diana I.; Martin, Charles W.; Malone, Sparkle L.; Major, Maciej; Majewski, Mikołaj; Lundquist, Carolyn J.; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Liu, Songlin; Lin, Hsing-Juh; Lillebo, Ana; Li, Jinquan; Kominoski, John S.; Khuroo, Anzar Ahmad; Kelleway, Jeffrey J.; Jinks, Kristin I.; Jerónimo, Daniel; Janousek, Christopher; Jackson, Emma L.; Iribarne, Oscar; Hanley, Torrance; Hamid, Maroof; Gupta, Arjun; Guariento, Rafael D.; Grudzinska, Ieva; da Rocha Gripp, Anderson; González Sagrario, María A.; Garrison, Laura M.; Gagnon, Karine; Gacia, Esperança; Fusi, Marco; Farrington, Lachlan; Farmer, Jenny; Esteves, Francisco de Assis; Escapa, Mauricio; Domańska, Monika; Dias, André T. C.; Barrena de los Santos, Carmen; Daffonchio, Daniele; Czyryca, Paweł M.; Connolly, Rod M.; Cobb, Alexander; Chudzińska, Maria; Christiaen, Bart; Chifflard, Peter; Castelar, Sara; Carneiro, Luciana S.; Cardoso-Mohedano, José Gilberto; Camden, Megan; Caliman, Adriano; Bulmer, Richard H.; Bowen, Jennifer; Boström, Christoffer; Bernal, Susana; Berges, John A.; Benavides, Juan C.; Barry, Savanna C.; Alatalo, Juha M.; Al-Haj, Alia N.; Adame, Maria FernandaPatchy global data on belowground litter decomposition dynamics limit our capacity to discern the drivers of carbon preservation and storage across inland and coastal wetlands. We performed a global, multiyear study in over 180 wetlands across 28 countries and 8 macroclimates using standardized litter as measures of "recalcitrant" (rooibos tea) and "labile" (green tea) organic matter (OM) decomposition. Freshwater wetlands and tidal marshes had the highest tea mass remaining, indicating a greater potential for carbon preservation in these ecosystems. Recalcitrant OM decomposition increased with elevated temperatures throughout the decay period, e.g., increase from 10 to 20 °C corresponded to a 1.46-fold increase in the recalcitrant OM decay rate constant. The effect of elevated temperature on labile OM breakdown was ecosystem-dependent, with tidally influenced wetlands showing limited effects of temperature compared with freshwater wetlands. Based on climatic projections, by 2050 wetland decay constants will increase by 1.8% for labile and 3.1% for recalcitrant OM. Our study highlights the potential for reduction in belowground OM in coastal and inland wetlands under increased warming, but the extent and direction of this effect at a large scale is dependent on ecosystem and OM characteristics. Understanding local versus global drivers is necessary to resolve ecosystem influences on carbon preservation in wetlands.
- Climate effects on belowground tea litter decomposition depend on ecosystem and organic matter types in global wetlands.Publication . Trevathan-Tackett, Stacey M; Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian; Malerba, Martino; Macreadie, Peter I; Djukic, Ika; Zhao, Junbin; Young, Erica B; York, Paul H; Yeh, Shin-Cheng; Xiong, Yanmei; Winters, Gidon; Whitlock, Danielle; Weaver, Carolyn A; Watson, Anne; Visby, Inger; Tylkowski, Jacek; Trethowan, Allison; Tiegs, Scott; Taylor, Ben; Szpikowski, Jozef; Szpikowska, Grażyna; Strickland, Victoria L; Stivrins, Normunds; Sousa, Ana I; Sinutok, Sutinee; Scheffel, Whitney A; Santos, Rui; Sanderman, Jonathan; Sánchez-Carrillo, Salvador; Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert; Rymer, Krzysztof G; Ruiz-Fernandez, Ana Carolina; Robroek, Bjorn J M; Roberts, Tessa; Ricart, Aurora M; Reynolds, Laura K; Rachlewicz, Grzegorz; Prathep, Anchana; Pinsonneault, Andrew J; Pendall, Elise; Payne, Richard; Ozola, Ilze; Onufrock, Cody; Ola, Anne; Oberbauer, Steven F; Numbere, Aroloye O; Novak, Alyssa B; Norkko, Joanna; Norkko, Alf; Mozdzer, Thomas J; Morgan, Pam; Montemayor, Diana I; Martin, Charles W; Malone, Sparkle L; Major, Maciej; Majewski, Mikołaj; Lundquist, Carolyn J; Lovelock, Catherine E; Liu, Songlin; Lin, Hsing-Juh; Lillebo, Ana; Li, Jinquan; Kominoski, John S; Khuroo, Anzar Ahmad; Kelleway, Jeffrey J; Jinks, Kristin I; Jerónimo, Daniel; Janousek, Christopher; Jackson, Emma L; Iribarne, Oscar; Hanley, Torrance; Hamid, Maroof; Gupta, Arjun; Guariento, Rafael D; Grudzinska, Ieva; da Rocha Gripp, Anderson; González Sagrario, María A; Garrison, Laura M; Gagnon, Karine; Gacia, Esperança; Fusi, Marco; Farrington, Lachlan; Farmer, Jenny; de Assis Esteves, Francisco; Escapa, Mauricio; Domańska, Monika; Dias, André T C; Barrena de los Santos, Carmen; Daffonchio, Daniele; Czyryca, Paweł M; Connolly, Rod M; Cobb, Alexander; Chudzińska, Maria; Christiaen, Bart; Chifflard, Peter; Castelar, Sara; Carneiro, Luciana S; Cardoso-Mohedano, José Gilberto; Camden, Megan; Caliman, Adriano; Bulmer, Richard H; Bowen, Jennifer; Boström, Christoffer; Bernal, Susana; Berges, John A; Benavides, Juan C; Barry, Savanna C; Alatalo, Juha M; Al-Haj, Alia N; Adame, Maria FernandaPatchy global data on belowground litter decomposition dynamics limit our capacity to discern the drivers of carbon preservation and storage across inland and coastal wetlands. We performed a global, multiyear study in over 180 wetlands across 28 countries and 8 macroclimates using standardized litter as measures of "recalcitrant" (rooibos tea) and "labile" (green tea) organic matter (OM) decomposition. Freshwater wetlands and tidal marshes had the highest tea mass remaining, indicating a greater potential for carbon preservation in these ecosystems. Recalcitrant OM decomposition increased with elevated temperatures throughout the decay period, e.g., increase from 10 to 20 °C corresponded to a 1.46-fold increase in the recalcitrant OM decay rate constant. The effect of elevated temperature on labile OM breakdown was ecosystem-dependent, with tidally influenced wetlands showing limited effects of temperature compared with freshwater wetlands. Based on climatic projections, by 2050 wetland decay constants will increase by 1.8% for labile and 3.1% for recalcitrant OM. Our study highlights the potential for reduction in belowground OM in coastal and inland wetlands under increased warming, but the extent and direction of this effect at a large scale is dependent on ecosystem and OM characteristics. Understanding local versus global drivers is necessary to resolve ecosystem influences on carbon preservation in wetlands.
- Role of photooxidation on the abiotic transformation of microplasticsPublication . Sousa, Maria Carolina Melo de; Silva, José Paulo DaPlastic pollution poses a significant threat to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems worldwide, largely arising from inadequate recycling and waste management practices. This results in the accumulation of microplastics and nanoplastics, which can harm marine organisms and pose potential risks to human health. In this study, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), two of the most prevalent plastic polymers in circulation, were studied with a focus on their photodegradation in coastal environments, which is a critical abiotic process driven by sunlight radiation exposure. An advanced analytical technique, Liquid Chromatography coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS), was implemented with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) to analyze the released molecules after photooxidation. APCI enhances the detection of moderately polar compounds, whereas ESI provides greater sensitivity for polar compounds containing carboxylic acid functional groups. PET readily degrades and produces a wide range of molecules that are potential environmental contaminants. In contrast, PE is more stable because the absorbance of radiation by its structure is much lower than PET. LC-HRMS allowed the identification of compounds uniquely correlated with each polymer's chemical structure and were therefore considered markers of these polymers in the environment. For PET the identified compounds were benzoic acid (m/z 121.030), terephthalic acid (m/z 165.019), and 4-((2-((4-carboxybenzoyl)oxy)ethoxy)carbonyl)benzoate (m/z 357.062) while for PE, dicarboxylic acids were identified, such as hexadecanedioic acid. Many other compounds were annotated. These results indicate that the identified and annotated compounds are being released from plastics and microplastics and are potential environmental contaminants. On the other hand, by promoting the photochemical reaction on sand surfaces, the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics can be detected, specifically for PET.
- Analysis of cultural and provisioning ecosystem services use: a comparative study of artificial reefs, rocky areas, and sandy bottoms in the AlgarvePublication . Camelo, Ana Maria Madiedo; Ramos, Jorge; Leitão, FranciscoArtificial reefs are human made structures that are deployed in the seabed to provide multiple economic, social and ecological benefits. Artificial reefs have emerged as a highly effective strategy to provide ecosystem services, such as habitat protection, restoration, and recreation. Despite their acknowledged benefits, there remains a limited understanding of how these reefs are currently being used by the local communities. The present study aims to identity and analyze the use of provisioning and cultural ecosystem services provided by the artificial reefs located in the south coast of Portugal, in comparison with rocky areas and sandy bottoms. To achieve this, a satellite dataset comprising automatic identification system (AIS) records with nine months of hourly location data for recreational and fishing vessels (including purse seiners and multi-gear) was utilized to identify and analyse high-density areas. Statistical tests were conducted to further assess the data. The results indicate that, within the selected study area, sandy bottoms are the most intensively used habitat for fishing activities, with multi-gear vessels being the predominant type, proving to be a significant type of habitat that provides essential ecosystem services. In contrast, artificial reefs were found to be used for recreational and fishing activities, but with lower density values, while rocky areas were the least used ones.