Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-01-21"
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- Intention to work with social robots: the role of perceived robot use self-efficacy, attitudes towards robots, and beliefs in human nature uniquenessPublication . Giger, Jean-Christophe; Piçarra, Nuno; Pochwatko, Grzegorz; Almeida, Nuno; Almeida, Ana Susana Rocio Gonçalves deRecent studies have enlightened the crucial role of perceived robot use self-efficacy in human robot interaction. This paper investigates the interplay between perceived robot use self-efficacy, attitudes towards robots, and beliefs in human nature uniqueness (BHNU) on the intention to work with social robots. Participants (N = 117) first filled out a questionnaire measuring their BHNU and attitudes towards robots. Then, they were randomly exposed to a video displaying a humanoid social robot (either humanlike or mechanical). Finally, participants indicated their robot use self-efficacy and their intention to work with the displayed social robot. Regression and serial mediation analyses showed the following: (1) the intention to work with social robots was significantly predicted by robot use self-efficacy and attitudes towards robots; (2) BHNU has a direct influence on attitudes towards robots and an indirect influence on the intention to work with social robots through attitudes towards robots and robot use self-efficacy. Our findings expand the current research on the impact of perceived robot use self-efficacy on intention to work with social robots. Implications for human robot interaction and human resource management are discussed.
- Comparing the outcomes of digital and traditional cardiac rehabilitation practices: a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Ansari, Sumbul; Nadar, Bhuvaneshwari G; Estêvão, Maria Dulce da Mota Antunes de Oliveira ; Aguiar, Débora R.; Ejeh, Jude; Khan, ZahidThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of digital cardiac rehabilitation (DCR) encompassing application-based telehealth compared to traditional cardiac rehabilitation on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), rehospitalisation, costs, quality of life (QoL), and physical activity levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). From 2014 to May 2024, a systematic search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted using relevant keywords to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or randomised cross-over trials. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and risk of bias tool. The included articles were then subjected to qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Thirteen studies involving 1850 participants were included in the study. Meta-analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in QoL (mean deviation (MD) = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.15, p = 0.0002). DCR compared with centre-based rehabilitation (CBR). These improvements in QoL likely translated to enhanced daily functioning, such as the increased ability to perform activities of daily living. However, no significant differences were found for physical activity levels (MD = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.49-4.87, p = 0.30), rehospitalisation (relative risk (RR) = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.66-1.11, p = 0.25) or MACE (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.42-1.07, p = 0.09). High heterogeneity was observed in QoL, likely due to variations in DCR modalities, study populations, and intervention content. The results of this study, therefore, must be interpreted with caution. DCR may offer significant benefits in terms of improving the QoL in patients with CAD. While promising trends were observed for rehospitalisation and MACE, further research is needed to confirm these findings. Potential reasons for the observed benefits of DCR over centre-based rehabilitation plausibly include improved accessibility, enhanced patient engagement, and greater flexibility. However, it is important to acknowledge the presence of heterogeneity among the included studies and potential gender imbalances within the study populations, which may have influenced the results. Future research should prioritize long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, real-world effectiveness in diverse populations, and the development of standardized DCR protocols.
- Gene therapy for Cockayne syndrome: in vivo studiesPublication . Vaz, Adriana Afonso; Nóbrega, ClévioCockayne Syndrome (CS) is a rare, severe, multi-systemic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, with an incidence of 2.77 cases per million births. First documented by Dr. Edward Cockayne in 1936, this syndrome presents a variety of clinical features, primarily impacting the vision, hearing, growth, and motor and cognitive functions. Neuropathologically, it involves white matter loss, microcephaly, and brain calcifications. CS can be categorized into three severity groups: CS type II (most severe), CS type I (moderate), and CS type III (least severe). It can also be classified according to the underlying genetic mutation: ERCC8 mutation causes CS type A (CS-A) and ERCC6 mutation leads to CS type B (CS-B), with 65% of cases being CS-B. This study focuses on CS-B, due to its therapeutic relevance. The ERCC6 gene, which translates the CSB protein, is crucial in several cellular mechanisms, such as DNA damage repair (induced by ultraviolet radiation or oxidative stress), transcription regulation, and mitochondrial function. Mutations in ERCC6 lead to DNA damage accumulation, transcriptional arrest, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, treatments are limited to symptom management, highlighting the need for gene-based therapies. Gene therapy aims to treat genetic disorders by delivering genetic material to human cells, through vectors. There are several gene therapy strategies and more than a dozen have been approved for clinical use. As a monogenic disorder with recessive inheritance, CS-B poses a strong candidate for a gene therapy-based treatment. Therefore, the aim of this work is to determine the therapeutic potential of a gene therapy for CS-B in vivo. This strategy is based on delivering a functional ERCC6 gene through an AAV9 vector. The first step in this study was to test eight therapeutic strategies in vitro, with the objective of narrowing it down to one (Cure1) for further in vivo testing in a CS-B mouse model, CSB m/m. Following, we injected a CS-B mouse model with Cure1 and these preliminary results showed promising CSB expression in the injected brain hemisphere. Lastly, given the success of preliminary tests, this strategy was injected CSB m/m mice for further behavioural assessment. However, these tests showed no significant improvements, suggesting Cure1’s limited effectiveness. Additionally, histological analysis of these brains showed no expression of CSB in mice injected with Cure1, further supporting the inference that Cure1 has limited therapeutic potential. In conclusion, the findings indicate that Cure1 gene therapy does not significantly enhance CSB expression or improve the phenotype in CS-B mice. Further studies are required to confirm the reliability of these results and assess Cure1's therapeutic potential comprehensively.