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- The effect of smoking on lung function changes during a 16-week combined exercise program in middle-aged workers: a latent growth curve analysisPublication . Silva, Manuela Fernanda Gomes Moreira da; Ferreira, José P.; Teixeira, Ana M.; Monteiro, Diogo; Duarte-Mendes, PedroPurpose To investigate the longitudinal changes in lung function of sedentary middle-aged workers over a 16-week combined exercise training program. Methods Thirty-six sedentary workers (53.70±6.92 years old) were randomly allocated to either a combined aerobic and resistance training program (n=18) or a control group (n=18). Lung function was evaluated through spirometry using a portable fow spirometer (Spiropalm 6MWT, Cosmed, Italy). Predicted percentages of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the frst second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and mean forced expiratory fow between 25 and 75% of exhaled FVC (FEF25–75) were analyzed. Assessments were performed at baseline (M1), after 8-week (M2) and 16-week follow-up (M3). The changes in lung function were analyzed using the Latent Growth Curve Modeling that estimated interindividual and intraindividual growth paths. Results Smoking status revealed a signifcant efect on lung function growth with signifcant paths to intercept and slope for all models in both groups. The exercise group participants who are non-smokers revealed higher increases in FVC% (β=.22), FEV1% (β=.08), FEV1/FVC% ratio (β=.19), and FEF25–75% (β=.06) compared to those who are smokers from M1 to M3. The control group revealed a lower growth in lung function from M1 to M3, with a lower slope observed in smokers compared to non-smokers for FVC% (β=−.44), FEV1% (β=−.41), FEV1/FVC% (β=−.98), and FEF25–75% (β=−.52). Conclusion Our fndings suggest that a 16-week combined training program is an efective strategy to improve lung function among sedentary workers, with a higher magnitude of improvement for non-smokers compared to smokers. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04868240. Registered April 30, 2021.
- Tracking tourism waves: insights from automatic identification system (AIS) data on maritime–coastal activitiesPublication . Ramos, Jorge; Drakeford, Benjamin; Costa, Joana; Madiedo Camelo, Ana Maria; Leitão, FranciscoAbstract: The demand for maritime–coastal tourism has been intensifying, but its offerings are sometimes limited to a few activities. Some of these activities do not require specific skills or certifications, while others do. This study aimed to investigate what type of activities are carried out by tourism and recreational vessels in the coastal area of the central Algarve (Portugal). To this end, data from the automatic identification system (AIS) of recreational vessels was used to monitor and categorise these activities in a non-intrusive manner. A model (TORMA) was defined to facilitate the analysis of AIS data and relate them to five independent variables (distance from the coast, boat speed, bathymetry, seabed type, and number of pings). The results of the analysis of more than 11 thousand hourly AIS records for passenger, sailing, and charter vessels showed that the 14 most regular ones had strong seasonal patterns, greater intensity in summer, and spatial patterns with more records near some coastal cliffs. This study provides valuable information on the management of motorised nautical activities near the coast and at sea, contributing to more informed and effective tourism regulation and planning.
- Measuring parental school involvement: a systematic reviewPublication . Belém, Helena Sofia Mocho Alcaparra; Martins, Cátia; dos Santos, Rita Alexandra Mendes; Ratinho, Elias; Nunes, CristinaAbstract: Parental school involvement (PSI) is a multidimensional construct that significantly influences children’s academic adjustment and overall development. However, inconsistencies persist in its definition and measurement, with researchers operationalizing PSI through a varied of parental activities. This study aimed to (1) identify PSI instruments and their theoretical models and (2) evaluate their psychometric properties. Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID CRD42023451091, registered August 2023), this systematic review examined six databases (Web of Science, ERIC, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycArticles, and PsycInfo), analyzing quantitative studies from 2000 to 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed instruments designed for parents, teachers, or children aged 6–15 and published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Portuguese, Spanish, or French. From an initial pool of 490 records, 38 studies were included, yielding 43 instruments: 23 for parents, 15 for children, and 5 for teachers. Seven instruments followed Epstein’s model, while nine followed the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler framework, underscoring the prominence of these theoretical approaches. The study quality, assessed with MMAT, was generally moderate to high. Despite an exhaustive search effort, it is possible that some relevant instruments were not identified. Nevertheless, this review advances the understanding of PSI operationalization, promotes more consistent and replicable assessments, enhances alignment between instruments and study objectives, and strengths the validity of findings derived from these tools.
- Design Cultural e Social em Monchique, estratégias de investigação localPublication . Filipe, Rita Almeida; Guerreiro, Maria CaeiroO presente artigo descreve o trabalho de investi-gação-ação que tem vindo a ser desenvolvido na localidade de Monchique, numa colaboração en-tre docentes, investigadores e alunos de arquitetura e design (FAUL, Esec UAlg), em estreito contacto com as entidades locais, a comunidade e alguns artesãos da região. O objetivo é repensar e requalificar os espaços e a produção local, contribuindo para a fixação da população e reenquadramento das suas práticas no contexto rural contemporâneo, por meio de estratégias de atualização e valorização da cul-tura local. Isso ocorre num município com um património cultural muito rico, mas que enfrenta uma população envelhecida e em gradual declínio. Esta investigação, de natureza qualitativa, desen-volve-se ao longo de missões de curta duração em trabalho de campo em Monchique, alternadas com fases de projeto em ambiente de atelier, no contexto académico, complementadas pela dis-cussão e apresentações periódicas dos resultados obtidos com a população e as entidades locais.Os projetos surgem da constatação de problemas reais identificados in situ, durante visitas a locais de interesse cultural e social em desuso, em reuniões com agentes locais, visitas a oficinas de artesãos, consulta a especialistas, workshops e exposições abertas à população. Este estudo permitiu-nos adquirir um conheci-mento profundo da região, promover a partilha de projetos entre designers, artesãos, arquitetos e entidades locais, com contributos multidisciplin-ares ativos, e fortalecer a relação entre a academia e a sociedade. Além disso, motivou significativa-mente os alunos, que tiveram a oportunidade de se envolver com questões projetuais reais durante o seu percurso académico. Já foram produzidas diversas propostas nas áreas do design de produto, comunicação, arquitetura e urbanismo, que con-tribuirão para um renovado interesse em habitar e visitar esta vila situada no interior do Algarve.