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- An artificial selection procedure enriches for known and suspected chitin degraders from the prokaryotic rare biosphere of multiple marine biotopesPublication . Meunier, Laurence; Keller-Costa, Tina; Cannella, David; Gonçalves, Jorge Manuel Santos; Dechamps, Etienne; Marques, Matilde; Costa, Rodrigo; George, Isabelle F.Biological of chitin-degrading microbial communities change across marine biotopes, but efforts to isolate chitin degraders within these communities in the laboratory have seldom been attempted. We characterized the prokaryotic communities associated with the marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus, the octocoral Eunicella labiata, and their surrounding sediment and seawater and applied an artificial selection procedure to enrich bacterial consortia capable of degrading chitin from the abovementioned biotopes. Throughout the procedure, chitin degradation was monitored, and the taxonomic composition was studied along four successive enrichment cultures from each biotope. Results The naturally occurring prokaryotic communities of the two host species (Sarcotragus spinosulus and Eunicella labiata) were distinct from each other and from those of seawater and sediments, even though they were co-inhabiting the same geographic area. We found that low-abundance bacteria from the rare biosphere were recruited in the enrichment cultures from all biotopes, while dominant bacterial symbionts likely to play a role in chitin degradation within marine sponges and octocorals remained “unculturable” under our experimental conditions. Well-known chitin degraders such as Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas and Aquimarina, as well as other taxa not known or poorly known for their role(s) in chitin degradation such as Aureivirga, Halodesulfovibrio, Motilimonas, Muricauda, Psychromonas, Poseidonibacter, Reichenbachiella, and Thalassotalea, among others, were enriched using our artificial selection approach. Distinct chitin-degrading consortia were enriched from each marine biotope, highlighting the feasibility of this approach in fostering the discovery of novel microorganisms and enzymes involved in chitin degradation pathways of relevance in applied biotechnology. Conclusion This study unveils distinct bacterial consortia possessing moderate to high efficiency at degrading chitin. They were composed of a mix of known chitin degraders, known chitin utilizers and many taxa poorly or not yet known for their role(s) in chitin degradation such as Aureivirga, Psychromonas, Motilimonas, Reichenbachiella, or Halodesulfovibrio. The latter taxa are potential key players in marine chitin degradation whose study could lead to the discovery of novel enzyme variants able to degrade chitin and its derivatives.
- Evaluating the effects of water circulation on the modeling of wave propagation on the Southern coast of the Iberian PeninsulaPublication . Mills, Lara; Garzon, Juan L.; Martins, FlávioSimulating wave propagation is crucial for forecasting processes offshore and near the coast. Many operational wave models consider only atmospheric and wave forcing as boundary conditions. However, waves and currents are interdependent, and simulating their interaction is crucial for accurately representing wave propagation. This study examines the influences of the current velocity and water levels on waves on the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. These forcing elements were simulated by a 3D hydrodynamic model (MOHID) and included in the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model. The standalone SWAN model was calibrated and validated by comparing results of significant wave height, mean wave direction, and peak period with in situ observations. Then, the effects of water levels and current velocities on wave propagation were assessed by forcing the SWAN model with water levels as well as current velocities extracted from different depths: the surface layer and depth-averaged velocities from the surface down to 10 m, 20 m, and the full water column. The results revealed that incorporating the current velocity and water levels from MOHID into the SWAN model reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) between 1.6% and 27.6%. The most accurate results were achieved with model runs that included both the current velocity from the surface layer and water levels. Opposing currents resulted in increases in wave height, whereas following currents resulted in decreases in wave height. This work presents novel results on the effects of hydrodynamics on wave propagation along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, a region of key importance for the blue economy.
- Prioritising research on endocrine disruption in the marine environment: a global perspectivePublication . Pinto, Patricia IS; Miglioli, Angelica; LaLone, Carlie A.; Baumann, Lisa; Baynes, Alice; Blanc‐Legendre, Mélanie; Cancio, Ibon; Cousin, Xavier; Dang, ZhiChao; Dumollard, Rémi; Ford, Alex T.; Green, Christopher; Iguchi, Taisen; Kearney, Philippa; Knigge, Thomas; Minier, Christophe; Monsinjon, Tiphaine; Monteiro, Marta S.; Sturve, Joachim; Watanabe, Haruna; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Ankley, Gerald; Power, Deborah Mary; Katsiadaki, IoannaA healthy ocean is a crucial life support system that regulates the global climate, is a source of oxygen and supports major economic activities. A vast and understudied biodiversity from micro- to macro-organisms is integral to ocean health. However, the impact of pollutants that reach the ocean daily is understudied for marine taxa, which are also absent or poorly represented in regulatory test guidelines for chemical hazard assessment. Inspired by the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science, which aims to reverse the decline in ocean health, this communication calls for global coordination in building resources for studying the effects of marine pollution. The bibliographic analysis, a collective product of scientists from diverse backgrounds, focused on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this review, we (i) critically analyse the literature on endocrine signalling pathways and high-level physiological impacts of EDCs across 20 representative marine taxa; (ii) identify knowledge and regulatory gaps; (iii) apply bioinformatics approaches to marine species genomic resources, with relevance for predictions of susceptibility; and (iv) provide recommendations of priority actions for different stakeholders. We reveal that the scientific literature on EDCs is biased towards terrestrial and/or freshwater organisms, is limited to a handful of animal taxa, and marine organisms are dramatically underrepresented. Our bibliographic analysis also confirmed that only a small number of (neuro) endocrine pathways are covered for all animals, whilst basic knowledge on endocrine systems/endocrine disruption for most marine invertebrate phyla is minimal. Despite significant gaps in genomic resources for marine animals, endocrine-related protein conservation was evident across more than 500 species from diverse marine taxa, highlighting that they are at risk from EDCs. Despite recent technological advances, translation of existing knowledge into international regulatory test guidelines for chemical hazard assessment and monitoring programs is limited. Furthermore, the current understanding is confounded in part by transposing vertebrate endocrinology onto non-vertebrate taxa. In this context, specific recommendations are provided for all stakeholders, including academia (e.g. to expand knowledge across metazoan taxa and endocrine targets and translate it to New Approach Methodologies and Adverse Outcome Pathways; to increase and improve tools for comparative species-sensitivity distributions and cross-species extrapolations), regulators (e.g. increase awareness of specific risks for the marine environment, prioritise international standardisation of testing methods for marine species and request evidence for absence of endocrine disruption in marine phyla), policy makers (e.g. implement sustained, long-term international marine monitoring programs and increase global co-operation) and the public or non-governmental organisations (e.g. foster public engagement and behaviours that prevent marine chemical pollution; promote citizen science activities; and drive political actions towards protective and restorative marine policies). We hope that this and past reviews can contribute towards meeting ambitious international plans for marine water quality assurance, mitigation of marine pollution impacts and protection of marine biodiversity. The importance of marine biodiversity for climate change mitigation, food security and sustainable ecosystem services calls for urgent, cooperative action.
- Living on the shores of the Alboran sea. The neolithic on the coast of Málaga (Spain) a multiproxy approachPublication . Simón-Vallejo, María D.; Lozano-Francisco, M. Carmen; Riquelme-Cantal, José A.; Macías-Tejada, Sara; Camuera, Jon; Uzquiano Ollero, Paloma; Sánchez Marco, Antonio; Garrido-Anguita, Juan M.; Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco; Parrilla-Giráldez, Rubén; Vera-Lozano, José A.; Vera-Peláez, José L.; Cortés-Sánchez, MiguelContext: The coast of Málaga is one of the core areas for the Neolithic in southern Iberia with the earliest occupations dating to the middle of the 8th millennium cal BP. From the outset, evidence shows a fully developed and highly diversified system of agriculture and animal husbandry. The palaeoenvironmental conditions during this period in the southern Iberian Peninsula reveal phases of aridity. Objectives: This study aims to understand how Neolithic communities adapted to these adverse environmental conditions. It also explores the role of wild resources and seasonal patterns in subsistence strategies. Methods: A multiproxy approach was applied, combining regional palaeoenvironmental data with archaeological, archaeofaunal, archaeobotanical and anthropological evidence. The analysis focuses on sites located near aquifer discharges. Results: Fully developed and highly diversified agriculture and herding practices are documented from the earliest Neolithic phases. The challenges posed by arid conditions appear to have been mitigated by settlement in areas linked to major aquifer outlets and by the cultivation of drought-resistant cereals. Multiple lines of evidence suggest a seasonal pattern of occupation, primarily from late autumn to early summer, when marine resources were likely exploited. Neolithic groups may have engaged in regular hunting and gathering activities or maintained interactions with local Epipalaeolithic–Mesolithic populations. Agricultural and pastoral management emerge as key factors for evaluating the contribution of wild resources to their subsistence. Conclusions: The integration of environmental, archaeological and biological records provides a more holistic perspective and better understanding of Neolithic economy and society along the Málaga coast between c. 7.6th—5th millennium cal BP, offering insights into subsistence strategies under arid conditions in a coastal setting.