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- Dominant effects of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine over climate change stressors on mytilus galloprovincialis toxicityPublication . Nascimento Bajwa, Farhat-Un-Nisá; Cunha, Marta; Vilke, Juliano Marcelo; Dias Duarte Fragoso, Bruno; Borges, Rodrigo; Soares, Amadeu M. V. M.; Freitas, Rosa; GARCIA DA FONSECA, TAINÁPharmaceuticals have become ubiquitous in marine realms, raising concerns about their ecological effects. This study investigates the ecotoxicological impact of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine on marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) under increased seawater temperature and salinity, reflecting projected climate change scenarios. Mussels were exposed to carbamazepine (CBZ, 5 μg L− 1 ) for 28 days in both current (17 ◦C and salinity 35) and predicted (23 ◦C and salinity 40) conditions. A multiple-biomarker approach was employed to assess alterations in energy balance, antioxidant and biotransformation systems, membrane damage, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity in gills and digestive glands. The results indicated that CBZ caused significant oxidative stress, disruption in energy metabolism, and neurotoxic and genotoxic effects, regardless of the combination of stressors. Moreover, biomarkers were modulated by the time of exposure, suggesting a time-specific response in mussels exposed to either a single or multiple stressors. The findings underscore the complex interplay between pharmaceutical pollution and climate change stressors. This study provides crucial insights into the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in marine environments under future climate change scenarios. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of CBZ on marine mussels in conjunction with the simultaneous rise in seawater temperature and salinity.
- Metabolism and the impact of protein intake in chronic critically ill adult patients: protocol for a unicentric prospective cohort study (MetaChronic Study)Publication . Castro, Sílvia; Granja, Cristina; Dionne, Joanna C.; Pires, Teresa; Oliveira, Carolina; Binnie, AlexandraBackground: Survival of acutely critically ill patients has improved, resulting in a growing population of chronic critically ill (CCI) patients with prolonged organ dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, and high morbidity. While nutritional guidelines during the acute phase of critical illness are well defined, our understanding of metabolism and nutritional needs in CCI patients is limited. Persistent inflammation may influence the metabolic response and nutritional uptake, highlighting the need for prospective studies in this area. Methods: The MetaChronic Study is a single-center, prospective cohort study of metabolism in patients with CCI. Adult ICU patients with invasive mechanical ventilation ≥48 h and ICU stay >7 days are eligible. Patients are followed for up to 42 days after ICU admission, with final outcomes assessed at 90 days. Resting energy expenditure is measured weekly by serial indirect calorimetry. Weekly protein and calorie intake are recorded and inflammation is assessed using serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin measurements. Patients are categorized according to high or low protein intake (>1.3 g/kg/ day vs. ≤1.3 g/kg/day after the first week). The primary objective is to characterize longitudinal metabolic trajectories. Secondary objectives include subgroup analyses (septic, trauma, neurocritical patients), assessment of the interaction between inflammation and metabolic rate, and exploratory analyses of the association between protein intake and clinical outcomes. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the institutional ethics committee. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
- Impact of trace elements of wastewater from steel and iron industry on benthic communities of Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia)Publication . Jaziri, Sayda; Said, Olfa Ben; Mahmoudi, Ezzeddine; Duran, Robert; Strungaru, Stefan-Adrian; Plavan, Oana; Nicoara, Mircea; Plavan, Gabriel; Chicharo, LuisThe metallurgical industry is amongst the most water-intensive industrial sectors. It generates significant quantities of trace elements (TEs) in wastewater, which are largely discharged into the aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of TEs in wastewater effluent (WWF) from the Tunisian Iron and Steel Company "EL FOULADH" on the Bizerte Lagoon ecosystem. To this end, it entailed collecting samples of EL FOULADH WWF, Bizerte Lagoon water, and sediments from seven stations located both adjacent and far (-0.12, 0.34, 5.37, 7.58, 8.26, 8.65, 11.96 m) from WWF discharge points and measuring their TEs contents. Additionally, sediment contamination indices were estimated and bacterial and meiofaunal community assemblages were analyzed. Both univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (PCA/CCA/Cluster) analysis revealed significant dissimilarities in the distribution of TEs, meiofaunal, and bacterial communities between downstream and upstream WWF discharge points. The comparison of abiotic and biotic variables revealed specific benthic assemblages for the station closest to the WWF discharge points. Interestingly, these sediments are distinctively characterized by the total disappearance of copepods. These findings offer us valuable information, pointing out to specific meiofauna and bacterial taxa, TEs sediment content affects the benthic assemblage of Bizerte lagoon via modeling trophic relationships.
- MARS lander: georeferencing landing and pop points of untethered ocean monitoring systems using fundamental physicsPublication . Radeta, Marko; Behboodi, Zahra; Zekovic, Vladimir; Alves, Décio; Pestana, David; Nunes, Daniel; Freitas, Margarida; Gupta, Ankit; Pestana, João; Vieira, Dinarte; Almeida, Sílvia; Dias, Morgado; Clode, João Canning; Caldeira, Rui; Relvas, Paulo; Vasiljevic, AntonioSubsurface observations are crucial for understanding the ocean's role in Earth's climate and for refining climate models. However, existing aquatic monitoring systems that allow such insights remain complex and costly due to their high demands for deployment, sampling, and recapture. Since low-cost, easy-to-deploy deep-sea landers are scarce, and with the aim of facilitating more subsurface observations, this study provides a simple method for georeferencing small-sized untethered landers. Their underwater trajectories are modelled with fundamental physics, dead reckoning, lander geometry, and numerical simulations. Using free fall, upthrust, and ocean current dynamics, the proposed approach estimates their underwater trajectories, including landing (at the seabed) and pop (at the sea surface) points. The method relies on the lander's physical characteristics, including its vertical and horizontal cross-sectional areas, to calculate the drag force coefficients used to determine its trajectories during descent and ascent through the water column. Ocean currents' magnitudes are modelled using Ekman's exponential decay down to 90 m of the water column, while the depths until 900 m are modelled from prior ADCP surveys by varying ocean current headings with depth between − 20 and 20◦. Surface ocean and wind current headings are modelled with open datasets from satellite telemetry. Lander's velocity, displacement, and dive time to the landing and pop points, including the total radial excursion and uncertainty in heading, are analytically derived, numerically calculated, and empirically assessed a-posteriori until 90 m, yielding a ~38 m radial excursion (40% error) against the obtained GNSS coordinates in field deployment, and 33◦ in heading uncertainty during a 138-s excursion. Additional random walk simulations are shown for full ocean depth obtaining radial excursion of 1038 m with 278 min total dive time. This approach is generalizable to any subsurface aquatic monitoring systems targeting deployments with diverse payloads from smaller sea vessels, not requiring cranes, radio, GNSS, or acoustic telemetry. Since it accounts for key nature factors, our method provides special benefits in planning and optimizing deployments. Additional discussion focuses on the method's practicality for full ocean depth deployments.
- Metal ecotoxicity in sea anemones: accumulation, effects, and knowledge gapsPublication . Vilke, Juliano Marcelo; Power, Deborah Mary; Vieira de Sousa, Cármen Sofia; Mestre, NéliaMetals are a major class of legacy pollutants that end up in marine ecosystems, posing a significant threat to marine biota, including sea anemones. The current review critically synthesises studies published over the last 50 years on the uptake, tissue distribution, and biological effects of 20 metals across 18 sea anemone species in both field and laboratory settings, including interactions with climate change stressors (salinity and pH). Field studies have focused on bioaccumulation and report the high capacity of sea anemones to accumulate metals, mainly iron and barium, primarily in the pedal disk. Laboratory exposure studies reveal a dose- and timedependent accumulation and highlight that symbionts take up and store essential metals (Cu, Fe, and Mn) due to their key biological roles. Available data point to Exaiptasia pallida as a promising model for metal ecotoxicology. Across studies, metals elicit alterations at molecular to behavioural/morphological levels, including transcriptome reprogramming, oxidative stress, and detoxification failures, as well as genotoxicity, cellular injury, immune dysfunction, metabolic and morphological disruption, reproductive impairment, and bleaching, which are generally amplified by climate change stressors. Ultimately, this review identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines future research directions on metal ecotoxicity in sea anemones. Collectively, these insights position sea anemones as informative sentinels of metal contamination in marine ecosystems.
- Archery technology in the neolithic: management of the mediterranean mixed forest and woodworking activities at La Marmotta (Italy)Publication . L, Caruso Fermé; Monteiro, Patrícia; V, Brizzi; M, Mineo; G, Remolins; N, Mazzucco; B, Morell; F, Gibaja J.Although Neolithic communities were characterized by an agricultural economy, the presence of bows in their archaeological record demonstrates the persistence of hunting activities. At La Marmotta, an underwater Early Neolithic site located in Lake Bracciano (Anguillara Sabazia, Italy), a considerable assemblage of preserved wooden tools was discovered some of them related to hunting activities demonstrating their reliance on woodland resources for technological purposes. Since wood was the main raw material for ancient bows, understanding how it was exploited is fundamental for reconstructing archery technology in prehistory. Here, we present the archaeobotanical analyses of 19 wooden bows found in La Marmotta. Taxonomic analysis identified the wood used as Carpinus sp. (9), Viburnum lantana (6), Alnus sp. (1), Cornus sp. (1), Fraxinus sp. (1), and evergreen Quercus sp. (1). The mechanical properties of these species are compatible with the crafting and use of bows although they are not the most usual wood, as shown by the archaeological record of Neolithic bows. This taxonomic diversity suggests that there was not a specific selection of wood based on mechanical/physical properties, which is coherent with La Marmotta wood acquisition modalities for the production of other tools and structures.