Dominant effects of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine over climate change stressors on mytilus galloprovincialis toxicity

Nascimento Bajwa, Farhat-Un-Nisá; Cunha, Marta; Vilke, Juliano Marcelo; Dias Duarte Fragoso, Bruno; Borges, Rodrigo; Soares, Amadeu M. V. M.; Freitas, Rosa; GARCIA DA FONSECA, TAINÁ

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/28325

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Autores

Nascimento Bajwa, Farhat-Un-Nisá

Cunha, Marta

Vilke, Juliano Marcelo

Dias Duarte Fragoso, Bruno

Borges, Rodrigo

Soares, Amadeu M. V. M.

Freitas, Rosa

GARCIA DA FONSECA, TAINÁ

Resumo(s)

Pharmaceuticals have become ubiquitous in marine realms, raising concerns about their ecological effects. This study investigates the ecotoxicological impact of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine on marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) under increased seawater temperature and salinity, reflecting projected climate change scenarios. Mussels were exposed to carbamazepine (CBZ, 5 μg L− 1 ) for 28 days in both current (17 ◦C and salinity 35) and predicted (23 ◦C and salinity 40) conditions. A multiple-biomarker approach was employed to assess alterations in energy balance, antioxidant and biotransformation systems, membrane damage, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity in gills and digestive glands. The results indicated that CBZ caused significant oxidative stress, disruption in energy metabolism, and neurotoxic and genotoxic effects, regardless of the combination of stressors. Moreover, biomarkers were modulated by the time of exposure, suggesting a time-specific response in mussels exposed to either a single or multiple stressors. The findings underscore the complex interplay between pharmaceutical pollution and climate change stressors. This study provides crucial insights into the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in marine environments under future climate change scenarios. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of CBZ on marine mussels in conjunction with the simultaneous rise in seawater temperature and salinity.