FCT2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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Percorrer FCT2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas) por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "02:Erradicar a Fome"
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- Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of natural compounds: enhance the safety and quality of foodPublication . Faleiro, Maria Leonor; Miguel, Maria da GraçaNature has offered us a tremendous diversity of natural compounds, for which antimicrobial and antioxidant properties have been intensively explored and nowadays are plenty recognized. During the last decades both the antimicrobial action of natural compounds (preventing and limiting microbial growth) and their antioxidant properties (reducing the oxidation of fats and limiting the ripening and browning of fruit and vegetables after harvesting) have been intensively investigated, particularly in the food packaging sector, evidencing that they may represent an effective eco-friendly approach to enhance the safety and quality of food products, without an environmentally deleterious impact.
- Antioxidant and a-amylase inhibition activities of six plants used in the management of diabetes in MoroccoPublication . Aazza, Smail; El-Guendouz, Soukaina; Miguel, Maria da GraçaDiabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective; however, they also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, plants may be an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. In the present study, six plants (Cynara scolymus, Ceratonia siliqua, Centaurium erythraea, Marrubium vulgare, Salvia officinalis, and Ziziphus lotus reputed for their antidiabetic effect in Moroccan traditional medicine were chosen. The work was focused on the determination of the antioxidant activities by several methods, including as well as their -amylase inhibitory capacity. It was noted that S. officinalis extract contained the highest phenolic contents and the strongest ABTS and nitric oxide scavenging activities. C. erythraea has the highest total flavonoid content and the best total antioxidant activity. M. vulgare showed the best -amylase inhibitory activity and the best chelating power abreast with C. scolymus, which presented very weak antioxidant activities unless good -amylase inhibition. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a very good correlation between total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) along with 2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals scavenging activities. M. vulgare displayed the best α-amylase inhibition capacity.
- Assessing water requirements of pitaya (S. undatus) under greenhouse conditions: a first step towards optimizing irrigationPublication . Trindade, Ana Rita; Eller, Elda; Arozarena, A.; Neves, Maria Alcinda; Duarte, AmilcarThe Algarve region provides ideal edaphoclimatic conditions for cultivating subtropical and some tropical fruit species. Pitaya (Selenicereus spp.) is also aligned with Algarve’s goal of revitalizing fruit production through species that require less water. Recently introduced into commercial farming in Portugal, the expansion of this crop lacks more detailed information about its specific cultivation requirements. Although native to the humid forests of Central America, with consistent water availability, pitaya can also survive and produce in drier climates such as the Mediterranean. Nonetheless, to achieve good yields and high-quality fruit, adequate irrigation is essential. Understanding pitaya’s water needs can be challenging due to its natural water-conserving mechanisms, such as CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) and water-storing cladodes. This study aims to clarify these needs firstly by determining the daily water consumption (DWC). At the University of Algarve, a greenhouse experiment monitors the DWC of 36 plants (S. undatus) in 4-L pots, enabling precise measurement of water consumption, with and without vegetative growth. During the summer, DWC ranged between 0.02 and 0.08 L day-1, influenced by the excessively high temperatures and the low humidity. These conditions significantly increased substrate evaporation rates. The results also suggest that pitaya growth showed no correlation with DWC. Since the summer trial confirmed the negative impact of excessively high temperatures, the same experiment was conducted in the autumnwinter season, when the plants grew in more favourable conditions. Pitaya’s exceptional water efficiency, evidenced by low summer DWC, makes it ideal for waterscarce regions. Substrate or soil covering, can further enhance water use efficiency, reinforcing its potential as a sustainable and economically viable crop. Preliminary results on the DWC of these plants indicate that pitaya’s evapotranspiration seems significantly lower compared to other irrigated fruit crops in the region.
- Competitiveness of portuguese montado ewe production systems among the european ewe production systemsPublication . Ferreira da Silva da Costa Freitas, Maria de Belém; Ventura-Lucas, Maria Raquel; Izquierdo, Lola; Deblitz, ClausThe number of ewes in Portugal registers a decrease since 1998. This decrease is felt particularly in the south of the country, which concentrates almost half of the existing ewes, mainly for meat production. One of the most important ewe production systems is the Montado, a High Nature Value ecosystem, occupying ca. 1.2 million ha in Portugal. The competitiveness of this system among the European ewe production systems is an important issue for the future of the Montado ecosystem. So, the objective of this paper is to analyze the ewe production systems in the Montado, using the agri benchmark database, and compare these systems with other European countries’ systems, ranking their competitiveness and e_ciency among other systems in the European Union. We concluded that this methodology facilitated an in-depth understanding not only of the competitiveness and e_ciency of ewe production systems in Portugal but also of their positioning regarding other systems in the European Union. The pattern of returns assures that these farms are competitive in the sense that they depend on the market on their decisions, and thus it is important that market values sheep products. Nevertheless, the diversification to other income sources would be a good option for the future sustainability of these farms and the opportunities and risks that these systems will deal with in a new green economy, with probable new functions and new opportunities for land, will be a challenge for the future.
- Consortium of microalgae/nitrogen-fixing bacteria as a next-generation biofertilizer, biostimulant and biopesticidePublication . Gouveia, Luisa; Ferreira, Alice; Bastos, Carolina Vela; Avetisova, Gayane; Karapetyan, Zhaneta; Toplaghaltsyan, Anna; Melkonyan, LusineThis study aims to provide insights into a new consortium of a microalga, twelve nitrogen-fixing (N-fixing) bacteria and a cyanobacterium. The microalga Tetradesmus obliquus (T), in conjunction with various N-fixing bacteria and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S), the N-fixing bacterium Sphingobacterium sp. L13G8 (5), cultivated in complete Bristol medium and in Bristol-NaNO3 free conditions, were examined. The study encompassed the analysis of their consortia, including evaluation of their growth, and potential as a biostimulant, biofertilizer and biopesticide, and assessed for sedimentation performance for targeted applications. The T and N-fixing bacteria consortia had higher growth in Bristol NaNO3-free media. The triple culture TS5 had the highest growth parameter (2.4 OD540) in the same medium, followed by T5. The consortia were employed to ascertain the efficacy of their biostimulants and biofertilizers on watercress (Lepidium sativum) and to determine the potency of their biopesticides against the fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani (in certain consortia). Consortium T5 demonstrated the most significant impact on the seeds germination index (212.7%) and root length (6.0 cm) of L. sativum. The same consortium had a significant impact on the shoot length (4.4 cm) of L. sativum. Among all consortia that were examined, T5 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the growth of F. oxysporum (60.6%) and R. solani (69.2%). In the same consortium, the rate of microalgal biomass sedimentation was enhanced by the N-fixing bacterium (0.4 cm h−1). Consortium T5 was the most effective in relation to growth and biomass sedimentation efficiency, in addition to its use as a biostimulant, biofertilizer and biopesticide. The created combination of microalga and N-fixing bacterium represents significant progress in the field of microalga cultivation, with notable benefits including improved biomass sedimentation and enhanced agricultural practices, as well as environmental friendliness and safety.
- The conversion of rockrose (Cistus ladanifer L.) shrubland into biodiverse pasturesPublication . Vieira, João; Filip, Iván Daniel; Soares Curado de Matos, Isabel Cristina; Rodrigues, Alessandra; Trindade, Ana Rita; Silva, Luís; Cassinello, João; Carita, Teresa; Ferreira da Silva da Costa Freitas, Maria de Belém; Neves, Maria AlcindaPastures in the Mediterranean region are vital for sustaining local agriculture and preserving biodiversity. When well-managed, these pastures enhance soil structure and fertility, reduce erosion, and improve water retention. These functions are especially critical in a climate marked by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Moreover, these systems play a key role in carbon sequestration, contributing significantly to climate change mitigation. Mediterranean pastures also support the conservation of endemic plant species and provide essential habitats for a variety of wildlife. Quinta do Freixo (Algarve, Portugal) with an area around 800 hectares, is dedicated to sustainable agriculture and promotes ecological, economic and social sustainability. In addition to organic agriculture production, the farm also produces value-added food products and offers rural tourism experiences. On this farm, a dense shrubland of rockrose (Cistus ladanifer L.) is converted into pastures using a holistic method that includes mechanical cutting of the shrubs, spreading hay an regenerative rotational grazing (RRG) system. As a part of the project -C05-i03-I000237), these restored pastures are regularly monitored. Assessments included measurements of dry matter production and floristic composition. In addition, both the pastures and Cistus ladanifer shrublands were evaluated for the nutritional value and mineral composition of their foliage material. This approach has contributed to the development of species-rich pastures, rich in legumes and grasses and characterized by high protein content, excellent digestibility, and a well-balanced mineral composition. Although Cistus ladanifer had a relatively lower nutritional value due to its lower protein content and digestibility, the analysis showed that its aerial parts can serve as a supplementary feed resource, especially in periods of forage scarcity, contributing to overall feed availability in extensive grazing systems.The control of shrublands through this practice maintains biodiversity and reduces the risk of wildfires by effectively managing fuel loads.
- Deep tutti-frutti II: explainability of CNN architectures for fruit dry matter predictionsPublication . Passos, DárioOne of the criticisms that deep chemometric models usually face is their lack of explainability. In this work, three different explainability methods (Regression Coefficients, LIME and SHAP) are applied to different convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, previously optimized for the task of multifruit dry matter content prediction based on NIR spectra. Additionally, a convolutional filter characterization is also performed to help clarify the type of modelling performed by the convolutional layers. The analysis allowed to extract information about the wavelength bands relevant to the models’ performance (feature importance) and to understand how different convolutional layer topologies transform the spectra leading to three types of modelling: data driven preprocessing, dimensionality reduction and hierarchical feature extraction. Feature importance analysis indicates that the relevant spectral bands used by the different CNN architectures for prediction of dry matter is basically the same. They are the same as the bands relevant to PLS and these bands can be attributed to specific known vibrational groups. Moreover, in the context of the multifruit prediction task, the analysis also points out that CNNs tend to identify and use spectral features that are informative across different fruit spectra, much like domain-invariant features identified by di-CovSel variable selection.
- Development of a novel formulation of a functional tomato saucePublication . Ngameni Tchonkouang, Rose Daphnee; Martey, Dorcas Martekie; Bal, Murad; Oztop, Mecit Halil; Gago, Custódia; Guerreiro, Adriana; Estêvão, Maria Dulce da Mota Antunes de Oliveira ; Vieira, MargaridaA functional tomato sauce was developed through the enrichment of high-lycopene tomato pulp (TomP) with pea protein (PP), freeze-dried olive powder (OP), and tomato peel powder (TPP) to achieve good sensory acceptability and a high antioxidant level using a 4-component (X1-TomP, X2-PP, X3-OP, X4-TPP) D-optimal mixture design. Responses: Y1-color, Y2-aspect, Y3-aroma, Y4-flow/texture, Y5-taste, Y6-sourness, and Y7-aftertaste, were evaluated by a non-trained sensory panel to obtain polynomial models for all responses. Numerical optimization resulted in the formulation: TomP (93.05%), PP (1.82%), OP (1.66%), and TPP (3.47%). Sensory analyses of the developed sauce revealed that the product was appreciated by untrained and trained panelists. Sensory profile analyses by the trained panel consensus concluded that the sauce has a good flavor profile with well-balanced sweetness and saltiness, slightly perceptible astringent notes, and no off-taste. Analyses of antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP), polyphenols, lycopene and beta-carotene were carried out. The sauce had concentrations of 35.37±1.85 mg/100 g (lycopene), 5.72±0.52 mg/100 g (beta-carotene), and 58.30±0.91 mg GAE/100 g (phenolic content) while the pulp had concentrations of 23.54±0.76 mg/100 g, 3.03±0.01 mg/100 g and 39.06±2.99 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The developed tomato sauce compares favorably with the pulp in terms of lycopene, beta-carotene, and phenolic content. The remarkable increase in phenolic content, lycopene, and beta-carotene (known for their antioxidant properties) in the sauce enriched with powdered additives contributes significantly to its antioxidant potential. Therefore, the developed sauce is a good source of such health-promoting compounds and has the potential to be consumed as a functional food.
- Diversity of bioactive compounds in microalgae: key classes and functional applicationsPublication . Osathanunkul, Maslin; Thanaporn, Suebsuya; Karapetsi, Lefkothea; Nteve, Georgia Maria; Pratsinakis, Emmanouil; Stefanidou, Eleni; Lagiotis, Giorgos; Avramidou, Eleni; Zorxzobokou, Lydia; Tsintzou, Georgia; Athanasiou, Artemis; Mpelai, Sofia; Constandinidis, Constantinos; Pantiora, Panagiota; Merino, Marián; Mullor, José Luis; Dobrovic, Luka; Cerasino, Leonardo; Ogawa, Tomohisa; Tsaousi, Meropi; Rodrigues, Alexandre M. C.; Cardoso, Helena; Pires, Rita; Rodrigues Figueiredo, Daniel; Figueiredo, Daniel; Costa, Inês F.; Anjos, Catarina; Labrou, Nikolaos E.; Madesis, PanagiotisMicroalgae offer a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds. Their rapid growth, efficient CO2 utilization, and adaptability make them a promising alternative to traditional production methods. Key compounds, such as proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, phytosterols, pigments, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), hold significant commercial value and are widely utilized in food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, driving innovation across multiple industries. Their antiviral and enzyme-producing capabilities further enhance industrial and medical applications. Additionally, microalgae-based biostimulants and plant elicitor peptides (PEPs) contribute to sustainable agriculture by enhancing plant growth and resilience to environmental stressors. The GRAS status of several species facilitates market integration, but challenges in scaling and cost reduction remain. Advances in biotechnology and metabolic engineering will optimize production, driving growth in the global microalgae industry. With increasing consumer demand for natural, eco-friendly products, microalgae will play a vital role in health, food security, and environmental sustainability.
- Ecological and syntaxonomic analysis of the communities of glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Malvion neglectae) in the European Mediterranean areaPublication . Cano, Eusebio; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; Quinto Canas, Ricardo; Piñar Fuentes, Jose Carlos; Meireles, Catarina Rodrigues; Raposo, Mauro; Gomes, Carlos Pinto; Laface, Valentina Lucia Astrid; Spampinato, Giovanni; Musarella, Carmelo MariaNitrophilous communities dominated by Glebionis coronaria and Glebionis discolor in the European Mediterranean area were studied. The nomenclature was corrected according to the current taxonomy, following the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN). The statistical analysis revealed six new associations and one subassociation, with four in Spain, one in Greece, and one in Italy. Additionally, a subassociation of high relevance due to its endemic character was identified. These grasslands exhibit requirements for organic matter and other edaphic nutrients that are closer to those of Malva neglecta communities than to those of Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum. We confirmed the published syntaxon with the rank of Resedo albae-Glebionenion coronariae suballiance and its subordination to the Malvion neglectae alliance, and we established the type association for this suballiance. Sisimbrietalia officinalis J. Tüxen in Lohmeyer et al. 1962 em. Rivas-Martínez, Báscones, T. E. Díaz, Fernández-González & Loidi 1991. Stellarietea mediae Tüxen, Lohmeyer & Preising ex von Rochow 1951.