Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas
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Percorrer Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "14:Proteger a Vida Marinha"
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- Biopotential of sea cucumbers (echinodermata) and tunicates (chordata) from the western coast of portugal for the prevention and treatment of chronic illnessesPublication . Carletti, Alessio; Cardoso, Carlos; Juliao, Diana; Arteaga, Jorge L.; Chainho, Paula; Dionísio, Maria Ana; Sales, Sabrina; Gaudêncio, Maria J.; Ferreira, Inês; Afonso, Cláudia; Lourenço, Helena; Cancela, M. Leonor; Bandarra, Narcisa M.; Gavaia, PauloIn the present work, we aimed to explore the potential of two groups of marine invertebrates—sea cucumbers (Echinodermata) and ascidians (Chordata)—as sources of antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, and osteogenic compounds with potential to be used as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals for the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. 24 extracts (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate) from 4 species of sea cucumbers and 4 species of tunicates were produced and screened in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and in vivo for osteogenic activity through an assay using zebrafish larvae. Our results showed that ethanolic extracts presented anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which revealed to be stronger in the ascidians. The osteogenic activity, which provides evidence of the bioactive potential of these organisms in preventing chronic disorders causing low bone density, was found to be strong in one species of ascidians and 3 of holothurians. This study demonstrates the high potential of extracts from these marine organisms for using as nutraceuticals in the prevention of chronic bone disorders.
- Editorial: Endocrine regulation and physiological adaptation of stress response in aquatic organisms, volume IIPublication . Li, Yi-Feng; Li, Yiming; Campinho, Marco António; Fuentes, JuanAt the individual level, organisms develop many complex morphological and physiological adaptations to maintain homeostasis, of which endocrine regulation is the key. By adjusting physiological mechanisms, organisms adapt their response to the external environment, enabling the acquisition of new homeostatic equilibrium that allows survival. The physiological adaptative mechanism plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and adapting to changes in the external environment. Well-known environmental factors such as ambient temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, salinity, and exposure to new pollutants can disrupt homeostasis, resulting in growth and physiological and endocrine disorders. Thus, in a rapidly changing climate, it is important to explore the biological adaptive regulation mechanism and endocrine regulation strategy under stress, which has an important impact on the protection of aquatic ecology. The main purpose of the Research Topic is to explore and discuss these potential physiological and molecular mechanisms to provide new insights for developing new green ecological activities.
- The influence of inflammatory processes in fish skeletal development: the crosstalk between skeletal and immune systemsPublication . Martins, Gil Sales Marques; Gavaia, Paulo Jorge Travessa; Abellán, Francisco António GuardiolaOsteoimmunology is an emerging field focused on the comprehension of the crosstalk between the immune and skeletal systems, with a particular focus on how inflammation affects bone health and disease. Previous research suggests that the same signalling mechanism that occurs in mammals may trigger the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts in teleosts, leading to the onset of pathological bone resorption by an identical molecular process. However, little is known about the contribution of the inflammatory processes and or bacterial constituents in fish bone tissues. In this thesis, we tackle this issue by evaluating the impact of continuous exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in zebrafish dermal skeleton (scales) and evaluating the potential of the microalga Tisochrysis lutea ethanolic extract and its glycolipid (GL) fractions to reverse the LPS effects. The continuous exposure to LPS led to the reduction of de novo formed scales and led to scale demineralization, with increased osteoclast activity, and inflammatory and osteoclastic marker genes (i.e., tnfa, ctsk, and acp5). In ex vivo cultured scales, LPS led to an increase in the number of osteoclast areas, while reducing the number of macrophages. An overlap between cell types and TRAP+ signals indicates the possible differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts. T. lutea extract and two isolated glycolipid fractions (Tl-glF1 and Tl-glF2) evidenced an anti-osteoclastic potential against the differentiation of RAW 264.7-derived osteoclasts (RAW-Ocs), with a reduced number of mono- and multinucleated osteoclasts. The data collected in this thesis supports the use of zebrafish scales exposed to LPS at 10 μg mL-1 as an in vivo and ex vivo screening method for searching novel anti-resorptive compounds for inflammatory diseases, to study the mechanisms involved in increased bone resorption, and the role of LPS in the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts. T. lutea GLs contain anti-resorptive properties and should be further investigated for their application in osteoimmune diseases.