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  • Resource design in federated sensor networks using RELOAD/CoAP overlay architectures
    Publication . Rodrigues, Luis; Guerreiro, Joel; Correia, Noélia
    Sensor networks can be federated for wide-area geographical coverage using RELOAD/CoAP architectures. In this case, proxy nodes of constrained environments form a P2P overlay to announce device resources or sensor data. Although this is a standard-based solution, consistency problems may arise because P2P resources (data objects stored at the overlay network) may end up including similar device resource entries. This is so because device resource entries, or sensor data, can be announced under different P2P resource umbrellas, meaning that any update to them will require changing multiple P2P resources. Here in this article, a multi-layer approach is proposed to solve this issue, allowing for a more efficient storage/retrieval of IoT data. Information at the overlay network is kept consistent, although additional P2P anonymous resources must be created. A mathematical model is proposed for the planning of such multi-layer organization of P2P resources, together with a heuristic algorithm. A required overlay service is also discussed.
  • RELOAD/CoAP architecture for the federation of wireless sensor networks
    Publication . Pisco, Luís; Guerreiro, Joel; Correia, Noélia
    Sensing devices are expected to interconnect over large geographical areas and federations of wireless sensor networks are expected in a near future. In such environments a critical issue is how to discover the resources available at devices in a scalable manner. For this purpose, a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Usage for REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD), a generic self-organizing Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay network service, has been defined to be used as a lookup service, to store available device resources and as a cache for sensor data. Each P2P resource, at the RELOAD/CoAP overlay, includes references to device resources, hosted at one or more constrained nodes, but no provision is made for the insertion of bindings/references to P2P resources already available at the P2P overlay network. Such feature would increase the efficiency and consistency of storage, avoiding duplicate references, a very relevant issue for future IoT applications relying on the federation of wireless sensor networks. In this article an extension to the service provided by CoAP Usage is proposed so that resource bindings can be managed. Two binding models, and a heuristic algorithm for their implementation, are proposed. Results show that such models lead to a better resource organization, reducing the number of sensor resource entries and/or fetches to the P2P overlay.