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- Growth, stress response and free amino acid levels in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858) chronically exposed to exogenous ammoniaPublication . Pinto, W.; Aragão, C.; Soares, Florbela; Dinis, Maria Teresa; Conceição, L. E. C.Stressful husbandry conditions are likely to a¡ect growth and amino acid metabolism in ¢sh. In this study, chronic ammonia exposure was used to test the e¡ects of a stressor on growth and amino acid metabolism of Senegalese sole juveniles. The ¢sh were exposed for 52 days to 11.6 mg L 1 [low-TAN (L-TAN)] or 23.2 mg L 1 [high-TAN (H-TAN)] of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), or to 0 mg L 1 (Control). Growth in L-TAN groups was slightly but signi¢- cantly di¡erent from the Control groups [relative growth rate (RGR50.35 0.13 and 0.52 0.23% day 1respectively)]. In H-TAN groups, growth was severely a¡ected (RGR50.01 0.13% day 1 ).
- Dietary taurine supplementation enhances metamorphosis and growth potential of Solea senegalensis larvaePublication . Pinto, W.; Figueira, L.; Ribeiro, L.; Yúfera, M.; Dinis, Maria Teresa; Aragão, C.The effect of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, metamorphosis success and amino acid metabolism of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae was investigated. These parameters were assessed in larvae fed control and taurine supplemented microcapsules during the pelagic phase. Subsequently, a similar evaluation was carried out in newly settled larvae fed upon Artemia, in order to verify the effect of earlier dietary taurine supplementation in larvae reared under improved feeding conditions. Results showed that dietary taurine supplementation did not affect larval growth performance and metamorphosis during the pelagic phase. However, by the end of the trial, Senegalese sole previously fed taurine supplemented microcapsules had a significantly higher growth performance and metamorphosis completion success than larvae fed control microcapsules. These differences were likely related to the improvement of feeding conditions upon settlement, which probably helped revealing the positive effects of earlier dietary taurine supplementation on Senegalese sole performance. Additionally, Senegalese sole may have benefited from taurine antioxidant properties during metamorphosis, since larval antioxidant defences may saturate at this stage. Furthermore, results from metabolic trials have shown that dietary taurine supplementation significantly increased amino acid retention in Senegalese sole larvae when a concomitant increase of taurine body levels was found. Therefore, an increase in larval growth potential and metamorphosis success was observed under dietary taurine supplementation and these results may help understanding why dietary taurine supplementation has been reported to simultaneously increase taurine body levels and growth performance in other fish species, leading to a better comprehension on the role of taurine during fish development.