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- Historic monuments threatened by coastal hazards at Boca do Rio, Algarve, PortugalPublication . Carrasco, A. Rita; Ferreira, Óscar; Matias, Ana; Dias, J. A.The coastal stretch of Boca do Rio, western Algarve, Portugal, is experiencing shoreline retreat. Roman ruins are located along the beach section of the coast, and a 17th-century fort is positioned over the cliff section. Both historic monuments are being destroyed by erosion but need to be protected due to their heritage status. Aerial photograph analysis was used to define the evolution of the coast for the period 1945–2001. Shoreline retreat of 0.3 m/year was measured for the sandy coast and 14 mass movements in the cliff face were identified. Considering the rate and style of shoreline evolution, several types of management scenario were evaluated, with the favored measures being the removal of the Roman ruins to a museum and the relocation of the fort inland.
- Management measures for ancient settlements threatened by coastal hazards at Boca do Rio, Algarve, PortugalPublication . Carrasco, Ana Rita; Ferreira, Óscar; Matias, Ana; Dias, João AlveirinhoCoastal areas are dynamic by nature, with physical changes occurring over various time scales. When these changes manifest themselves as a landward movement of the shoreline occurring on human time scales, the quantification of erosion rates becomes important (Moore and Griggs, 2002). The evolution of coastal retreat results from several relationships between external and local processes, with many variables potentially affecting the rate and manner of retreat. Currently, the Portuguese coastal zone is strongly affected by coastal erosion in association with an important sedimentary deficiency, which was initiated around the beginning of the 20th century, and became strongly enhanced after the 1930s-1940s (Dias and Neal, 1992). At present, shoreline retreat rates reach the order of a few meters per year in some parts of the Portuguese coastline (Dias and Neal, 1992). A decrease in fluvial sediment transport and a continuing rise in sea level are two of the main causes of coastal erosion not only in Portugal, but also in other parts of the world. Over shorter timescales, storms are also able to cause coastal retreat. Such retreat is only reversible on a human scale (years to decades) if sediment starvation is naturally or artificially stopped (e.g., by beach nourishment or dune building) (Carter, 1988). Changes in storm patterns and incident wave climates may result in beach realignments and higher rates of foreshore change.
- Coastal storm risk assessment in Europe: examples from 9 study sitesPublication . Ferreira, Óscar; Ciavola, P.; Armaroli, C.; Balouin, Y.; Benavente, J.; Del Río, L.; Deserti, M.; Esteves, L. S.; Furmanczyk, K.; Haerens, P.; Matias, Ana; Perini, L.; Taborda, R.; Terefenko, P.; Trifo, E.To assess coastal storm risks thi paper compares existing hazards, associated risks, coastal management plans, and civil protection schemes from nine European countries.