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- Sing4Health: protocol of a randomized controlled trial of the effects of a singing group intervention on the well-being, cognitive function and health of older adultsPublication . Galinha, Iolanda Costa; Farinha, Manuel; Lima, Maria Luísa; Palmeira, António LabisaSinging is a multimodal activity that requires physical, cognitive and psychosocial performance, with benefits to various domains of well-being and health in older adults. In recent years, research has increasingly studied group singing as an important cost-effective intervention to promote active and healthy aging. However, the specific factors responsible for these benefits need further experimental support, as most studies do not allow for causal inferences. This study responds to the need for further randomized controlled trials (RCT), with follow-up measurement, on the benefits of group singing in older adults from a low socioeconomic background. Also, while most studies often focus on specific outcome measure dimensions, in this study, the conjoint effect of several physical, psychosocial, psychoemotional and cognitive dimensions are analyzed, testing mediation effects of psychosocial and psychoemotional variables on the well-being and health of the participants.
- Authenticity is associated with psychological and subjective well‐being: convergence between the self‐report and informant's reportPublication . Galinha, Iolanda Costa; Balbino, Isabel Faustino; Devezas, Miguel Ângelo; Trigo, Beatriz ReginaIn a community sample of 301 participants, association analyses between authenticity and psychological and subjective well-being show strong and moderate associations, respectively, with implications for humanistic theory and counselling. The results also show convergence between self-reports and informants' reports on life satisfaction and authenticity, providing novel scientific contributions.
- Intervention and mediation effects of a community-based singing group on older adults’ perceived physical and mental health: the Sing4Health randomized controlled trialPublication . Galinha, Iolanda Costa; Fernandes, Helder Miguel; Lima, Maria Luísa; Palmeira, António LabisaObjective To examine short- and long-term effects of a group singing program on older adults' perceived physical and mental health levels, and also investigate subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive/negative affect and hedonic balance), body balance and serum biomarkers (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) as putative mediating mechanisms, controlling for the cognitive status of the participants. Design: The randomized controlled trial included 149 participants (60 to 95 years), allocated to an immediate intervention group (IG) or a wait-list active control group (WLG). The intervention comprised 34 sessions of group singing during 4-months. Main outcome measures: Self-report measures of physical health, anxiety, stress, and depression. Blinded assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (4 months) and follow-up (6 months). Results: Participants in the IG reported a lower decline in perceived physical health after the intervention, as compared to the WLG. These benefits were maintained at follow-up. Singing-related changes in physical and mental health outcomes were mediated via an increase in positive affect. Moderation results showed that participants with very low cognitive functioning reported more anxiety and depression symptoms after the intervention. Conclusions: These findings provide further understanding on the psychological and physical mechanisms and effects of group singing in older adults.
- Factors predicting adherence to artistic-singing groups for older adults and their role as moderators of the intervention outcomesPublication . Galinha, Iolanda Costa; Pinal, Diego; Lima, Maria LuísaObjectives: Group singing (GS), as an art-based intervention, has demonstrated a wide range of biopsychosocial benefits in older adult participants. However, the factors that predict the adherence of older adults to these programs and that moderate the intervention outcomes were not yet studied, which is the aim of this study. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was developed to test the efficacy of a GS intervention, from which pre-post intervention data was collected and analyzed. Participants: 149 retired older adults (M = 76.66, SD = 8,79 years old) users of a social care institution. Results: Principal component analysis of responses to a pre-intervention assessment yielded 10 factors. General well-being (GWB), negative mood and loneliness, blood pressure, and the participants' years of formal education predicted the number of sessions attended by the participants. GWB moderated the intervention's outcomes on life satisfaction, social identification, and systemic inflammation. Conclusions: Years of education, well-being, negative mood and loneliness, and blood pressure at baseline predicted participants' adherence to a singing group artistic intervention.
- Sing4Health: Randomised controlled trial of the effects of a singing group program on the subjective and social well‐being of older adultsPublication . Galinha, Iolanda Costa; García‐Martín, Miguel Ángel; Lima, Maria LuísaGroup singing may be an optimal intervention strategy to promote active ageing and well-being; however, evidence with experimental validity is scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing the effects of a 34-session singing group programme (SGP) on participants' subjective and social well-being and the mediating roles of social identification with the singing group and of self-esteem. An RCT with intervention (n = 89) and active waiting-list control (n = 60) conditions was conducted, and a mixed method quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis were performed. Participants were mostly elderly day-care centre users (M = 76.66 years old; SD = 8.79) with low average levels of education and income. Structured measures of life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, self-esteem, loneliness, social identification and social well-being were collected, as well as interviews on the perceived benefits of participating in the SGP. Results showed significant effects of the SGP on the positive affect, social well-being and marginally on the self-esteem of the participants. The observed effects were sustained at the follow-up. Qualitative analysis corroborated the quantitative results. Mediation analysis showed indirect effects of social identification with the singing group on loneliness and social identification with the social care institution group; and of self-esteem on positive and negative affect.