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- The contribution of typological studies to the integrated rehabilitation of traditional buildings: Heritage enhancement of urban centres in inner Alentejo, PortugalPublication . Rosado, Ana C.; Costa, Miguel ReimãoThe urban centres of inland Alentejo (southern Portugal) have long faced a depopulation crisis which, besides undermining the cohesion of the communities, compromises the conservation of the architectural heritage. The tendency to apply the discourses on tourism and population pressures from coastal cities to these inland territories can be detrimental to their analysis given the sheer difference in demographic dynamics. Transformations in traditional architecture—a key facet for defining these historic urban landscapes—require analysing within this social context. The imperative need to rehabilitate traditional buildings, endowing them with the living conditions communities today require, must be guided by morphological analysis, knowledge of housing history, typologies, and traditional construction techniques. This rehabilitation concept integrates into the transformation processes that traditional architecture has been undergoing for centuries, constituting adaptable and flexible structures across their organisational variants, which should be studied through a prospective approach. The article characterises the transformation of urban domestic architecture in the region, from the early modern period to the present. The results of various research projects are summarised, gathering over 500 cases. The conclusion argues that the historical process itself results in a set of themes, tools, and opportunities for these buildings’ adaptation to current needs.
- Vernacular architecture and cultural Identity in shrinking rural settlementsPublication . Martinez, V. G.; Geng, MA; Paolla, Peligrini; Costa, Miguel ReimãoThe depopulation and abandonment of rural areas is a phenomenon that is repeated on a global scale and is transversal to most territories and cultures. This shrinking process particularly affects vernacular architecture, due to its modest materiality and therefore the cultural values that reside in it, both of a material and immaterial nature. This work analyses the situation of rural vernacular architecture in shrinking areas in three regions of different scales and cultural approaches as the southern areas of China, Morocco and Spain, taking as reference typological elements specific to each region. The research delves into experiences in which the endangered cultural heritage is transformed into a dynamizing force for the territory on which it is based and opens the door to different solutions both for the conservation and valorisation of its own elements and for the resolution of the underlying socio-cultural problems. The research identifies generic and universal aspects of the shrinking process, as well as specific conditions of each of the various study territories. The work found how the cases taken into consideration share some conditions in dealing with the consequences of the shrinkage, such as adaptation difficulties, administrative distance, heritage fragility.
- Sustainable development in rural and peripheral areas through the safeguarding of their Immaterial Cultural HeritagePublication . Reimão Costa, Miguel; Gómez Martínez, Susana; Delgado Méndez, Aniceto; Alves da Costa, Catarina; Costa Rosado, Ana; Espino Hidalgo, Blanca delThis paper proposes a Southwestern Iberian perspective on the safeguarding of immaterial cultural heritage in rural and peripheral territories, addressing successful examples of safeguarding actions in different contexts of immaterial heritage study. While approaching different themes within the scope of immaterial heritage - techniques, music and rituals - the success of these examples shares many components. Among them, participation and appropriation by communities are fundamental to cultural heritage recovery and dissemination programs. The first part of the text focuses on traditional construction techniques, showing several programs with different levels of appropriation by the local population. Traditional construction techniques are a heritage tool of a particular relevance in the current context of climate change adaptation and sustainable edification. The second part of the text interprets various activities related to traditional music and dance, to analyse how they have evolved from an auxiliar daily activity to an identity symbol. Finally, the article delves into the safeguarding of festive rituals inside more or less benign circumstances, as local development programs or communities' relocation. Following the lessons learned from these somewhat disparate but productive initiatives, the article sets out a wider range of proposals, aiming to identify future tools for safeguarding and heritage management.
- The contribution of typological studies to the integrated rehabilitation of traditional buildings: heritage enhancement of urban centres in inner alentejo, portugalPublication . Rosado, Ana C.; Reimão Lopes da Costa, MiguelThe urban centres of inland Alentejo (southern Portugal) have long faced a depopulation crisis which, besides undermining the cohesion of the communities, compromises the conservation of the architectural heritage. The tendency to apply the discourses on tourism and population pressures from coastal cities to these inland territories can be detrimental to their analysis given the sheer difference in demographic dynamics. Transformations in traditional architecture-a key facet for defining these historic urban landscapes-require analysing within this social context. The imperative need to rehabilitate traditional buildings, endowing them with the living conditions communities today require, must be guided by morphological analysis, knowledge of housing history, typologies, and traditional construction techniques. This rehabilitation concept integrates into the transformation processes that traditional architecture has been undergoing for centuries, constituting adaptable and flexible structures across their organisational variants, which should be studied through a prospective approach. The article characterises the transformation of urban domestic architecture in the region, from the early modern period to the present. The results of various research projects are summarised, gathering over 500 cases. The conclusion argues that the historical process itself results in a set of themes, tools, and opportunities for these buildings' adaptation to current needs.
- A arquitetura corrente do Baixo Guadiana através da arqueologia: a parcela do edifício dos antigos CTT de Alcoutim entre os séculos XV a XXPublication . Fernandes, Marco; Lopes, Virgílio; Gómez Martinez, Susana; Gradim, Alexandra; Reimão Lopes da Costa, MiguelO edifício dos antigos CTT de Alcoutim localizava- -se na vertente oeste do castelo desta vila, numa parcela com área total de 305 m², sendo delimitado a leste pelo Largo do Castelo e, no lado oposto, pela Rua D. Sancho II (fig. 1). A Câmara Municipal de Alcoutim, proprietária do imóvel, pretende construir no local um prédio de habitação coletiva. Para tal, era necessário proceder-se à demolição integral do preexistente e escavação do subsolo para a construção do novo edifício. Dada a proximidade do castelo, esta área está abrangida pela Zona Geral de Proteção (ZGP) da “Fortaleza de Alcoutim”, pelo que a Direção Regional de Cultura do Algarve exigiu a realização de trabalhos arqueológicos. Estes foram efetuados pela equipa do Campo Arqueológico de Mértola, entre agosto de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, tendo sido organizados em duas fases.
- Tagnit n’Abdiy. A arquitetura e a paisagem da região nordeste do Anti-Atlas em MarrocosPublication . Batista, Desidério; Reimão Lopes da Costa, MiguelOs limites do Mediterrâneo são de desenho difícil, mais ou menos vago ou indefinido, com traços distintos que se aproximam e se afastam em função de diferentes disciplinas e critérios. E isto ocorre mesmo quando nos cingimos aos confins mais estritos da geografia, [...] do limite Norte da oliveira até ao das grandes palmeiras do Sul, muito aquém do grande Mediterrâneo alargado às dimensões da história que propõe Braudel ([1946] 1995, p. 191). A presente linha de investigação pretende contribuir para essa dimensão múltipla, incidindo privilegiadamente nos âmbitos da arquitetura e da paisagem das regiões de montanha1. A partir de uma primeira abordagem de prospeção e de reconhecimento da diversidade do património construído nas diversas unidades e subunidades regionais, o trabalho de campo centra-se em casos de estudo menos conhecidos: no presente artigo, a aldeia de Tagnit n’Abdiy, na região noroeste do Anti-Atlas (entre Taliouine e Igherm), no sul de Marrocos, território da tribo Indaouzal (fração Afala n´Ouassif).
- A aldeia berbere de Zroua nas montanhas meridionais da Tunísia: identidade e dinâmica da paisagem mediterrânicaPublication . Batista, Desidério; Reimão Lopes da Costa, MiguelO Mediterrâneo é dominado espacial e visualmente pelas montanhas, tendo sido a partir delas que se iniciou o processo histórico de ocupação e organização do seu território (Braudel, [1949] 1995, p. 62; Ribeiro, [1968] 2011, p. 58). O padrão de povoamento das áreas de montanha caracteriza-se, em ambas as margens do Mediterrâneo, pela concentração do habitat em pequenas aldeias de pastores e agricultores. A aldeia amazigh de Zraoua constitui um exemplo desta tipologia de povoado ocupando um ponto fundamental do relevo da Djebel Matmata, sintetizando de modo singular algumas das expressões mais identitárias da cultura mediterrânica. O sítio altaneiro da sua implantação, a uma altitude de 390 metros, confere-lhe uma posição de domínio e controlo do território semiárido no qual sobressai pela robustez da sua arquitetura em pedra, razão pela qual tem sido comparada a um “castelo-fortificado” (Bruun, 1898, p. 71) ou a uma “aldeia-cidadela” (Libaud, 1986, p. 18).
- Identité architecturale et patrimonialisation de l’habitat en KabyliePublication . Ait-Lhadj, Zoulikha; Aiche, Messaoud; Miguel Reimão Costa; Reimão Lopes da Costa, MiguelLa tradition lieu de permanence, palimpseste de l’ancien et de l’identité dans le présent est souvent mise en confrontation avec la modernité perçue allogène porteuse d’injonctions de modèles culturels extérieurs. Un clivage qui place de facto la tradition en lieu de permanence et la modernité en celui du changement qui dans la réalité sont plutôt en dialectique qu’en opposition. Tout changement, si révolutionnaire puisse- -t-il apparaître, s’opère sur fond de continuité, toute permanence intègre des variations (Lenclud, 1987, p.113). La maison vernaculaire kabyle dite axxam, par sa forme choisie en relation à l’usage physico-culturel, a pu résister aux changements au fil du temps en servant de modèle consacré qui se perpétue. En affichant une maîtrise et une leçon d’appropriation des lieux à tous les niveaux, l’homme kabyle a simplement su habiter son paysage car habiter relève de l’appropriation de lieux et de leur simplicité (Norberg-Schulz, 1985). Malgré le statut indivis qui y règne et l’absence de tout document justifiant la propriété, les limites et les histoires familiales sont connues des uns et des autres ce qui rend ainsi le lien au territoire très intense.
- Águas de Mértola: 2000 anos de abastecimento, armazenamento e gestão da água num povoado alcandoradoPublication . Lopes, Virgílio; Gómez Martinez, Susana; Palma, Mária de Fátima; Torres, Cláudio; Reimão Lopes da Costa, MiguelO núcleo antigo de Mértola é expressivamente marcado pela sua situação, entre duas linhas de água que reforçam a posição alcandorada: a nascente, o rio Guadiana, e, a poente, a ribeira de Oeiras. Ao longo de milhares de anos, foram determinantes na sua caracterização topográfica, na defesa militar do sítio e, no caso do rio Guadiana, na sua posição estratégica como pólo nevrálgico dos intercâmbios regionais com o Mediterrâneo, através da navegação fluvial (!g. 1). A viagem até Mértola beneficiava dos ciclos das marés que favoreciam a navegação de vários tipos de embarcações até ao porto fluvial mais a norte da grande estrada que era o Guadiana (Torres, 1992, p. 190; Boiça, 1993, p. 47). A ligação ao porto era feita pela Porta da Ribeira que seria um dos acessos mais concorridos para as mulas de carga e aguadeiros que abasteciam a cidade.