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- Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rapePublication . Ferrão, Maria Clara; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Giger, Jean-Christophe; Parreira, TiagoThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eye size and observer gender on perceived initial attraction, honesty, and attributions of responsibility for rape. A 3 (eye size: small vs. normal vs. large) x 2 (observer gender: female vs. male) experimental design was tested. Ninety participants (45 women and 45 men) observed one of three randomly assigned female faces (with eye size manipulation), and rated initial attraction and honesty. They were then asked to read an acquaintance rape scenario with a traditional woman, rating the victim and perpetrator responsibility. Eye size was shown to affect all the study variables: the female face with large eyes was seen as more attractive and honest, was held less responsible for her own victimization, and the offender was held more responsible. Gender was proven to affect perceived initial attraction and victim responsibility. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
- Adaptation of the Domestic Violence Myth Acceptance Scale to Portuguese and Tests of Its Convergent, Divergent, and Predictive Validities.Publication . Giger, Jean-Christophe; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Almeida, Ana SusanaThe Domestic Violence Myth Acceptance Scale was adapted to Portuguese (PDVMAS). The PDVMAS displayed reasonable fit indices (Study 1); was positively correlated with right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, belief in a just world (Study 2), and ambivalent sexism (Study 3); and negatively correlated with empathetic tendencies (Study 4). PDVMAS significantly predicted victim blame and aggressor exoneration in scenarios of coercion (Study 5) and physical assault (Study 6). Victims and non-victims of domestic violence equally endorsed domestic violence myths. Globally, the PDVMAS is a reliable instrument, and domestic violence myths are pervasive and alter the perception of intimate partner violence.
- Sustentabilidade ambiental e humana da produção de alimentos: uma análise comparativa entre agricultura biológica e convencionalPublication . Fernandes, Maria Jacinta; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Duarte, AmílcarA produção e o consumo de alimentos produzidos em agricultura biológica (AB) apoiam-se na ideia da sua superior qualidade nutricional e em supostos efeitos benéficos na saúde humana, bem como no menor impacto ambiental da AB relativamente à agricultura convencional (AC). Mas serão mesmo as dietas baseadas nestes alimentos significativamente mais saudáveis para as pessoas e o ambiente e, portanto, mais sustentáveis que as dietas baseadas no modo convencional? O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma síntese da informação publicada na última década referente a análises comparativas entre AB e AC, através de um conjunto de indicadores de qualidade ambiental e de saúde humana. Foram consultados diversos estudos, privilegiando aqueles que recorreram a um conjunto de indicadores de qualidade ambiental e de saúde humana. A nível ambiental, os estudos apontam para que, apesar das práticas biológicas terem, em geral, impactes menos negativos por unidade de área que as práticas convencionais, o mesmo não se verifica por unidade de produto. Os estudos sobre o impacto comparativo na biodiversidade mostram a tendência benéfica da AB, apesar de as diferenças se afigurarem pouco consistentes. A presença de resíduos de pesticidas e metais pesados em alimentos biológicos é significativamente menor que nos convencionais. A nível nutricional, os vegetais e frutas biológicos apresentam consistentemente conteúdos mais elevados em metabolitos secundários que os convencionais. Todavia, os estudos disponíveis sobre efeitos na saúde são pouco conclusivos quanto a diferenças consistentes entre modos de produção. Evidências científicas suportam a ideia geral de que a AB tende a constituir um modo de produção de alimentos ambiental e humanamente mais sustentável que a AC, embora as diferenças sejam consistentes apenas em alguns indicadores.
- Organizational practices for the expatriates' adjustment: a systematic reviewPublication . Sousa, Cátia; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; dos Santos, Vieira; Leitão, JoséPurpose - The globalization of work has contributed to a great increment in cross-cultural interactions, contributing to a new impetus in the expatriates' topic. The costs associated with the failed international missions are high, and the identification of effective adjustment strategies is of extreme importance, both for organizations and for individuals. The purpose of this paper is to identify the kind of practices that are developed by organizations and their impact on the adjustment of expatriates. Design/methodology/approach - To achieve the proposed objective, a systematic review of literature (from the late 1980s to the present day) will be carried out. Findings - Based on five articles on the topic, the results show that there are few studies that assess the impact of the types of adjustment to organizational practices, with the cross-cultural training and language training being the most common. These practices have shown a positive effect on performance and adjustment of expatriates. Originality/value - The authors feel the lack of studies that have adequate indicators to measure the integration and effectiveness of the adjustment of expatriates.
- Translate into spanish of the conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire (CWEQ II)Publication . Mendoza Sierra, Maria Isabel; Orgambidez-Ramos, Alejandro; Borrego Ales, Yolanda; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Santos, JoanaThe objective of this study is to adapt and translate into Spanish the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire -CWEQ II-(Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian & Wilk, 2001). A process of translation and reverse-translation was applied to the scale's items, whose psychometric properties were then examined using a sample of 346 employees from a Spanish public university. Reliability, factor structure (confirmatory factor analysis) of the scale and relationships between structural, general and psychological empowerment are investigated. Results showed a multidimensional scale of four first-order factors (access to opportunities, information, support and resources) as the original one, and positive relations between structural, general and psychological empowerment in the workplace. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions to further research are made.
- Portuguese mothers and fathers share similar levels of work-family guilt according to a newly validated measurePublication . Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Sousa, Cátia; Santos, Joana Conduto Vieira dos; Silva, Tânia; Korabik, KarenTransformations in family and work life have led to profound changes in the articulation of both spheres. The massive entry of women into the labor market, the decline of a family model based on the male provider, increasing job demands, and persistent gender inequality are factors that can generate work-family conflict and lead to feelings of guilt. Work-family guilt is a topic still rarely studied, particularly in Portugal. Given the importance of understanding the complexity of the relationships underlying the work-family interface and the lack of instruments in Portuguese to assess the feeling of guilt as it pertains to the work-family interface, our goal was to adapt the Work-Family Guilt Scale (WFGS) to the Portuguese population. Our results confirmed the two-dimensional structure of the scale with good reliability and validity. The WFGS was invariant between genders, with no significant mean differences between men and women. Convergent validity with the variables of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict and discriminant validity between the two dimensions of the WFGS was demonstrated. Use of this scale will allow the identification of feelings of guilt, which pose risks to the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of workers. Guilt feelings should, like conflict, be considered as a psychosocial risk that must be mitigated through policies and practices aimed at promoting a balance between family and working life.
- Portuguese adaptation of a faux pas test and a theory of mind picture stories taskPublication . Faisca, Luis; Fonseca, Sofia; Bruene, Martin; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Gomes, Alexandra; Martins, Ana TeresaBackground: Developmental concepts of 'Theory of Mind' (ToM) suggest that this cognitive domain is an innate human capacity requiring input from the social environment to mature. Research suggests substantial individual differences in ToM, depending on childhood experiences, genetics, and the presence or absence of a neuropsychiatric disorder. None of the existing ToM tests for adult populations have been made available in Portuguese. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese versions of the Faux Pas (FP) Recognition Test and the ToM Picture Stories Task. Sampling and Methods: Both tests were given to a sample of 200 Portuguese adults (125 women and 75 men) aged between 18 and 60 years. Results and Conclusions: The psychometric analyses of the results indicate that the Portuguese version of the FP Recognition Test is appropriate for use in research and clinical settings, providing a composite score that reliably measures the ability to infer the thoughts and feelings of others in a 'faux pas' situation (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82). However, the ToM Picture Stories Task did not show acceptable psychometric qualities. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
- Intercultural communication competence scale: invariance and construct validation in PortugalPublication . Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Sousa, Cátia; Arasaratnam-Smith, Lily A.; Rodrigues, Natércia; Carvalheiro, RaquelThis article explores the psychometric validation of an Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC) scale. Three studies were performed: (1) psychometric evidence pertaining to the scale’s reliability and factor structure and an analysis of the measurement invariance; (2) assessment of convergent and predictive validity; and (3) analyzes the association between ICC and affective and cognitive dimensions of cultural empathy. A three-factor model with eight items yielded the best fit to the data. The scale showed non-invariance between genders, but proved to be a predictor of intercultural contact. Convergent validity were demonstrated.
- Organizational culture, internal marketing, and perceived organizational support in portuguese higher education institutionsPublication . Santos, Joana; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria RamosChanges imposed on public higher education institutions try to adopt some management practices in public organizations. In this study, we intend to understand how organizational culture (support, innovation, goals, rules) and internal marketing can contribute to the organizational support of employees of higher education institutions. The study was developed with a sample of 635 employees. The results show that organizational culture and internal marketing contribute to the explanation of perceived organizational support (POS). Then, through a structural equation model, it was possible to confirm the contribution of support culture and internal marketing to the explanation of POS. More studies are necessary taking students' point of view into account. These results reveal the importance of the fact that organizations need to implement a culture of support and appropriate internal communication networks that allow employees to perceive social support.
- Metric evidences of the adaptation of the cultural intelligence scale in a portuguese samplePublication . Sousa, Cátia; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Reis, Marta; Santos, JoanaValidating the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) for the Portuguese population was the main objective of this study. Cultural Intelligence is recognized as a crucial competence in multicultural situations. The multidimensional cultural intelligence scale is composed of 20 items arranged into four dimensions and is used to evaluate the individual characteristics that predispose to better performance in unfamiliar cultural environments. The results from the analysis of main components in a total sample of 275 participants, aged between 18 and 72 (M = 29.3; SD = 12.9), replicated the original ones, therefore showing good validity values and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha .93), revealing the multidimension of the evaluated construct. Once the exploratory analysis replicated the model tested by the confirmatory analysis, the application of this instrument in multicultural organizational contexts can be considered an essential tool, not only to identify crucial capacities for the functioning of the human resources, teams or organizations in environments characterized by cultural diversity, but also to ensure the success in the integration processes of immigrants and expatriates.