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Influência das massas de água urbanas na prevalência do dengue no Mediterrâneo
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação pretende apresentar a problemática dicotómica das massas de água urbanas, face à transmissão da dengue no Mediterrâneo, partindo da análise realizada numa zona do sul de Portugal. Para tal, procedeu-se à caracterização qualitativa das massas de água nas freguesias de Quarteira e Almancil, coleção e estudo dos dados meteorológicos dos últimos 30 anos e da evolução dos dados demográficos e urbanísticos das décadas de 90 e 2010. Foram avaliados os dados higrométricos face à precipitação acumulada mensal e temperatura média mensal em 2019/2020, para avaliação da interferência humana no comportamento natural estimado. Acompanharam-se ainda os procedimentos de vigilância entomológica do mosquito do género Aedes. Concluiu-se que o fator de maior risco se prende com a alteração da paisagem pelo Homem, com criação de massas de água que permitem a instalação de novos vetores em habitats que há 4 décadas não existiam. Também a mobilização global de pessoas e materiais cria oportunidades de transporte de novas espécies, bem como permite a circulação de hospedeiros assintomáticos infetados com dengue. Associando a atividade turística como principal receita económica do território, à emigração, ao desenvolvimento urbano e ao aumento demográfico, reúnem-se os principais fatores de risco, que associados às massas de água urbanas, podem influir na prevalência do Aedes spp. e criar as condições ideais para o aparecimento de surtos autóctones da dengue. O controlo das massas de água urbanas, pela aplicação de larvicidas, acompanhado de ações de sensibilização e informação das populações é essencial para a prevenção. Também a sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde para a sintomatologia primária desta patologia e a sua probabilidade de ocorrência, pode contribuir para evitar a disseminação de surtos da dengue. Esta análise pode ser transposta para qualquer região do Mediterrâneo similar, ou que, face ao impacto das alterações climáticas previstas, se enquadre neste padrão evolutivo.
This dissertation intends to present the dichotomous issue of urban water bodies, regarding the dengue transmission in the Mediterranean, based on the analysis carried out in a southern area of Portugal. For this purpose, a qualitative characterization of the water bodies in the parishes of Quarteira and Almancil was carried out, collection and study of meteorological data from the last 30 years and the evolution of demographic and urban data from the 90s and 2010s. The hygrometric data were evaluated against monthly accumulated precipitation and monthly average temperature in 2019/2020, to evaluate the human interference in the estimated natural behaviour. Entomological surveillance procedures of the mosquito from genus Aedes were also followed. It was concluded that the greatest risk factor is related to the alteration of the landscape by man, with the creation of bodies of water that allow the installation of new vectors in habitats that did not exist 4 decades ago. Also, the global mobilization of people and materials creates opportunities for transport of new species, as well as allows the circulation of asymptomatic hosts infected with dengue. The combination of tourism as the main economic income of the territory, emigration, urban development and population growth, are the main risk factors that associated with urban water bodies, can influence the prevalence of Aedes spp., and create the ideal conditions for the emergence of autochthonous outbreaks of dengue. The control of urban water bodies, through the application of larvicides, accompanied by actions to raise awareness and inform populations is essential for prevention. Also, raising awareness among health professionals about the primary symptoms of this pathology and their probability of occurrence, can help prevent the spread of dengue outbreaks. This analysis can be transposed to any similar Mediterranean region, or one that, in view of the impact of predicted climate change, fits this evolutionary pattern.
This dissertation intends to present the dichotomous issue of urban water bodies, regarding the dengue transmission in the Mediterranean, based on the analysis carried out in a southern area of Portugal. For this purpose, a qualitative characterization of the water bodies in the parishes of Quarteira and Almancil was carried out, collection and study of meteorological data from the last 30 years and the evolution of demographic and urban data from the 90s and 2010s. The hygrometric data were evaluated against monthly accumulated precipitation and monthly average temperature in 2019/2020, to evaluate the human interference in the estimated natural behaviour. Entomological surveillance procedures of the mosquito from genus Aedes were also followed. It was concluded that the greatest risk factor is related to the alteration of the landscape by man, with the creation of bodies of water that allow the installation of new vectors in habitats that did not exist 4 decades ago. Also, the global mobilization of people and materials creates opportunities for transport of new species, as well as allows the circulation of asymptomatic hosts infected with dengue. The combination of tourism as the main economic income of the territory, emigration, urban development and population growth, are the main risk factors that associated with urban water bodies, can influence the prevalence of Aedes spp., and create the ideal conditions for the emergence of autochthonous outbreaks of dengue. The control of urban water bodies, through the application of larvicides, accompanied by actions to raise awareness and inform populations is essential for prevention. Also, raising awareness among health professionals about the primary symptoms of this pathology and their probability of occurrence, can help prevent the spread of dengue outbreaks. This analysis can be transposed to any similar Mediterranean region, or one that, in view of the impact of predicted climate change, fits this evolutionary pattern.
Description
Keywords
massas de água urbanas Arboviroses Aedes SPP Dengue Alterações climáticas