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Substituição de equipamentos: aplicação à gestão de frotas automóveis
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| 1.63 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a temática da substituição de equipamentos, referir a sua importância e clarificar alguns conceitos relacionados com esse mesmo tema. De seguida pretende-se transpor esses conhecimentos ao sector automóvel para auxiliar na gestão de frotas, determinando o modelo ideal de substituição de veículos. Numa fase inicial do trabalho será feita uma revisão da literatura, onde se aborda a substituição de equipamentos e alguns métodos da engenharia automóvel. Após essa revisão será então feito um estudo de caso onde são caracterizados 2 modelos de veículos Mercedes-Benz, depois foram recolhidos os custos de manutenção ao longo da vida de alguns veículos e com base nesses custos e nos valores residuais desses mesmos veículos, utilizou-se o cálculo do Custo Anual Uniforme Equivalente para determinar a vida útil, determinando assim o momento ideal de substituição dos veículos para esses modelos da marca Mercedes-Benz. Com base nos resultados verificou-se que a vida útil económica dos veículos é semelhante, no entanto se a substituição for tardia, irá haver um maior prejuízo com os veículos do modelo C220 d porque o CAUE sobe drasticamente no 13º período. Os dois modelos estudados neste trabalho têm características semelhantes e a pequena diferença de incremento dos custos de manutenção, que é maior no modelo C220 d, acaba por ser compensado pela maior desvalorização dos veículos do modelo Vito.
This paper aims to explore the theme of equipment replacement, to mention its importance and to clarify some concepts related to this same theme. Then we intend to transfer this knowledge to the automotive sector to assist in fleet management, determining the ideal vehicle replacement model. In the initial phase of the work will be made a literature review, which discusses the replacement of equipment and some methods of automotive engineering. After this review, a case study will then be made in which 2 models of Mercedes-Benz vehicles are characterized, after which the lifetime maintenance costs of some vehicles were collected and based on these costs and the residual values of these same vehicles, Calculating the Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost to determine the service life, thereby determining the optimum vehicle replacement time for these Mercedes-Benz models. Based on the results it was found that the economic life of the vehicles is similar, however if the replacement is late, there will be a greater loss with the C220 d vehicles because the CAUE rises dramatically in the 13th period. The two models studied in this paper have similar characteristics and the small difference in maintenance cost increase, which is larger in the C220 d model, is compensated by the greater devaluation of Vito vehicles.
This paper aims to explore the theme of equipment replacement, to mention its importance and to clarify some concepts related to this same theme. Then we intend to transfer this knowledge to the automotive sector to assist in fleet management, determining the ideal vehicle replacement model. In the initial phase of the work will be made a literature review, which discusses the replacement of equipment and some methods of automotive engineering. After this review, a case study will then be made in which 2 models of Mercedes-Benz vehicles are characterized, after which the lifetime maintenance costs of some vehicles were collected and based on these costs and the residual values of these same vehicles, Calculating the Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost to determine the service life, thereby determining the optimum vehicle replacement time for these Mercedes-Benz models. Based on the results it was found that the economic life of the vehicles is similar, however if the replacement is late, there will be a greater loss with the C220 d vehicles because the CAUE rises dramatically in the 13th period. The two models studied in this paper have similar characteristics and the small difference in maintenance cost increase, which is larger in the C220 d model, is compensated by the greater devaluation of Vito vehicles.
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Keywords
Substituição de equipamentos Engenharia económica Custo anual Uniforme equivalente Vida útil económica