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Compostos bioativos de microalgas com interesse no tratamento da diabetes
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Abstract(s)
A diabetes é uma doença que afeta milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e condiciona
a qualidade de vida das mesmas. A diabetes tipo 2 tem merecido destaque pelo aumento da
sua incidência e pelo facto de ser uma doença evitável. O tratamento atualmente resume-se a
medicação específica juntamente com uma dieta bastante restritiva. As microalgas sendo
conhecidas como tendo várias aplicações biotecnológicas, como a aquacultura e indústria
farmacêutica, poderão ainda constituir uma fonte natural de compostos bioativos com
propriedades antidiabéticas que poderão fornecer uma alternativa menos dispendiosa e com
menos efeitos colaterais ao tratamento atual da diabetes tipo 2.
Este trabalho visa avaliar as atividades biológicas de extratos orgânicos e aquosos
preparados a partir de biomassa seca de Scenedesmus sp., nomeadamente antidiabética
(inibição da α-amilase e α-glucosidase), antioxidante (captação dos radicais DPPH, ABTS e
NO), quelante de ferro e de cobre e de inibição da lipase. Nos ensaios foi testado o extrato de
etanol e frações resultantes do fracionamento em sílica do extrato etanólico. A fração 3A
apresentou a maior atividade inibitória na α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.29 mg/mL) e α-amilase
(IC50 = 0.80 mg/mL). O extrato cru de etanol revelou maior atividade antioxidante,
nomeadamente na capacidade de capturar os radicais DPPH (IC50 = 3.03 mg/mL) e ABTS
(IC50 = 2.41 mg/mL). Esta fração foi também a que revelou maior atividade quelante para o
ferro (IC50 = 1.10 mg/mL) e para o cobre (IC50 = 3.66 mg/mL). A composição química da
fração 3A foi analisada por HPLC e GC-MS tendo-se identificado 6 compostos,
nomeadamente, neofitadieno, fitol, ácido α-linolénico, ácido palmítico, ácido araquidónico e
ácido palmitelaidico. Os resultados mostraram que a Scenedesmus sp. é uma boa fonte de
compostos bioativos com aplicação no tratamento da diabetes. No entanto, será ainda
necessária uma melhor caracterização química da fração ativa e identificar o ou os compostos
responsáveis pela atividade antidiabética.
Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people throughout the world and affects the quality of life of the same. Type 2 diabetes has been highlighted by its increasing incidence and in that it is a preventable disease. The treatment currently boils down to specific medication with a very restrictive diet. Microalgae have several biotechnological applications, such as aquaculture and pharmaceutical industry, and can be a natural source of bioactive compounds with anti-diabetic properties that can provide a less expensive alternative, with fewer side effects alternative to the current treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. This study aims to assess the biological activities of an ethanolic extract prepared from dried biomass of Scenedesmus sp., namely anti-diabetic (inhibition of the α-amylase and α- glucosidase enzymes), antioxidant (scavenging of radicals DPPH, ABTS and NO), chelation of the redox metals iron and copper and inhibition of lipase. In the experiments the crude ethanol extract was tested and fractions resulting from silica column fractionation. Fraction 3A showed the greatest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.29 mg/ml) and α- amylase (IC50 = 0.80 mg/ml). The crude ethanol extract showed a higher antioxidant activity given its higher capacity to scavenge the radicals DPPH (IC50 = 3.03 mg/ml) and ABTS (IC50 = 2.41 mg/ml). However, fraction 3A presented the higher chelating activity of iron (IC50 = 1.10 mg / ml) and copper (IC50 = 3.66 mg / ml). The chemical characterization of fraction 3A by HPLC and GC-MS resulted in the identification of 6 compounds (neophytadiene, phytol, α-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, arachidonic acid and palmitelaidic acid). These results show that Scenedesmus sp. is a promising source of bioactive compounds with applications in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. However, a better characterization of the chemical composition of the active fraction should be performed and the compound or compounds responsible for the anti-diabetic activity should be identified.
Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people throughout the world and affects the quality of life of the same. Type 2 diabetes has been highlighted by its increasing incidence and in that it is a preventable disease. The treatment currently boils down to specific medication with a very restrictive diet. Microalgae have several biotechnological applications, such as aquaculture and pharmaceutical industry, and can be a natural source of bioactive compounds with anti-diabetic properties that can provide a less expensive alternative, with fewer side effects alternative to the current treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. This study aims to assess the biological activities of an ethanolic extract prepared from dried biomass of Scenedesmus sp., namely anti-diabetic (inhibition of the α-amylase and α- glucosidase enzymes), antioxidant (scavenging of radicals DPPH, ABTS and NO), chelation of the redox metals iron and copper and inhibition of lipase. In the experiments the crude ethanol extract was tested and fractions resulting from silica column fractionation. Fraction 3A showed the greatest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.29 mg/ml) and α- amylase (IC50 = 0.80 mg/ml). The crude ethanol extract showed a higher antioxidant activity given its higher capacity to scavenge the radicals DPPH (IC50 = 3.03 mg/ml) and ABTS (IC50 = 2.41 mg/ml). However, fraction 3A presented the higher chelating activity of iron (IC50 = 1.10 mg / ml) and copper (IC50 = 3.66 mg / ml). The chemical characterization of fraction 3A by HPLC and GC-MS resulted in the identification of 6 compounds (neophytadiene, phytol, α-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, arachidonic acid and palmitelaidic acid). These results show that Scenedesmus sp. is a promising source of bioactive compounds with applications in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. However, a better characterization of the chemical composition of the active fraction should be performed and the compound or compounds responsible for the anti-diabetic activity should be identified.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Microbiana, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016
Keywords
α-amilase Diabetes α-glucosidase Scenedesmus sp. α-amylase α-glucosidase Microalgae