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Acesso a cuidados de saúde oral por parte de pessoas com necessidades de saúde especiais na região do Algarve
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Abstract(s)
As pessoas com necessidades de saúde especiais (NSE) têm pior saúde oral do que a população em geral, e têm mais barreiras de acesso a consultas de saúde oral. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o acesso a consultas de saúde oral por parte de pessoas com NSE da região do Algarve. Foram incluídas neste estudo 209 pessoas com NSE de 11 instituições e associações da região. Os dados foram recolhidos através de questionários. Para estudar as barreiras de acesso foi utilizado um modelo conceptual que teve por base 6 dimensões, nomeadamente, ―Acessibilidade‖, ―Disponibilidade de serviços e informação‖, ―Aceitabilidade‖, ―Adequabilidade‖, ―Esforço financeiro‖ e ―Apropriado às necessidades especiais‖. Foi realizada uma análise estatística através de frequências simples e foram conduzidos testes de hipóteses com recurso ao teste do Chi-Quadrado para a independência. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar que 50% das pessoas com NSE não faz consultas regulares de saúde oral, 18,8% nunca teve uma consulta e 16,8% não conseguiu ter consulta no último ano quando precisou. As principais barreiras de acesso percecionadas pelos respondentes foram as dimensões ―Apropriado às necessidades especiais‖ (34,9%, N=73) e ―Disponibilidade de serviços e informação‖ (29,7%, N=62). Os fatores que mais se associaram à utilização regular de serviços de saúde oral foram: a dimensão ―Disponibilidade de serviços e informação‖ (p<0.000; V=0.32); o grau de independência na realização de higiene oral (p<0.000; V=0.29) e o grau de satisfação com serviços de saúde oral (p<0.000; V=0.35). Embora uma parte das pessoas com NSE da região do Algarve tenha acedido a consultas de saúde oral, verificaram-se barreiras de acesso. Para melhorar o acesso sugere-se o aumento da disponibilidade de serviços de saúde oral preparados para ultrapassar o problema da colaboração e o medo das consultas. Por outro lado, sugere-se uma maior sensibilização e informação aos pais e cuidadores sobre a importância de consultas regulares de saúde oral desde as idades mais jovens.
People with special health needs (SHN) have worse oral health than the general population, and face more barriers to access oral health appointments. This work aimed to study the access to oral health appointments by people with SHN in the Algarve region. This study included 209 people with SHN from 11 institutions and associations in the region. The data were collected through questionnaires. To study access barriers, a conceptual model was used, based on 6 dimensions, namely, "Accessibility", "Availability of services and information", "Acceptability", "Accommodation", "Affordability" and "Appropriate to special needs". A statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis tests conducted using the Chi-Square test of independence. The results obtained allowed us to identify that 50% of people with SHN do not have regular oral health appointments, 18.8% never had an appointment and 16.8% were unable to have an appointment in the last year when needed. The main barriers of access perceived by the respondents were the dimensions "Appropriate to special needs" (34.9%, N=73) and "Availability of services and information" (29.7%, N=62). The factors that were most associated with the regular use of oral health services were: the dimension ―Availability of services and information‖ (p <0.000; V=0.32); the degree of independence in performing oral hygiene (p <0.000; V=0.29) and the degree of satisfaction with oral health services (p <0.000; V=0.35). Although a part of the people with SHN in the Algarve region accessed oral health appointments, access barriers were perceived. To improve access, it is suggested to increase the availability of oral health services prepared to overcome the problem of collaboration and the fear of appointments. On the other hand, this study also emphasizes the relevance of providing information to parents and caregivers about the importance of regular oral health appointments form young age.
People with special health needs (SHN) have worse oral health than the general population, and face more barriers to access oral health appointments. This work aimed to study the access to oral health appointments by people with SHN in the Algarve region. This study included 209 people with SHN from 11 institutions and associations in the region. The data were collected through questionnaires. To study access barriers, a conceptual model was used, based on 6 dimensions, namely, "Accessibility", "Availability of services and information", "Acceptability", "Accommodation", "Affordability" and "Appropriate to special needs". A statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis tests conducted using the Chi-Square test of independence. The results obtained allowed us to identify that 50% of people with SHN do not have regular oral health appointments, 18.8% never had an appointment and 16.8% were unable to have an appointment in the last year when needed. The main barriers of access perceived by the respondents were the dimensions "Appropriate to special needs" (34.9%, N=73) and "Availability of services and information" (29.7%, N=62). The factors that were most associated with the regular use of oral health services were: the dimension ―Availability of services and information‖ (p <0.000; V=0.32); the degree of independence in performing oral hygiene (p <0.000; V=0.29) and the degree of satisfaction with oral health services (p <0.000; V=0.35). Although a part of the people with SHN in the Algarve region accessed oral health appointments, access barriers were perceived. To improve access, it is suggested to increase the availability of oral health services prepared to overcome the problem of collaboration and the fear of appointments. On the other hand, this study also emphasizes the relevance of providing information to parents and caregivers about the importance of regular oral health appointments form young age.
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Keywords
Acesso Saúde oral Necessidades de saúde especiais Deficiência