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A influência das habilidades sociais na ativação neural durante observação de ações motoras: um estudo piloto com o uso de neuroimagem
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Authors
Abstract(s)
A pesquisa intitulada “A influência das habilidades sociais na ativação neural durante
observação de ações motoras: um estudo piloto com o uso de neuroimagem” trata-se de
um projeto piloto para testar o instrumento de coleta de dados em pequena escala, apontando
os métodos para coleta de dados definitiva. Tem por objetivos: 1) examinar a ativação
neuronal no córtex motor primário e regiões temporais; e 2) relacionar o padrão de ativação
neuronal durante a observação de ações motoras às habilidades sociais dos participantes da
pesquisa. A hipótese inicial do estudo era que haveria uma ativação cortical mais robusta das
áreas sociais do cérebro, durante a observação do vídeo, em participantes que apresentassem
maiores habilidades sociais. Os métodos escolhidos para a realização da pesquisa foram: o
método qualitativo, através de questionário de perguntas fechadas, composto por quatro
partes (questionário de informações sociodemográficas, escala de lateralidade, questionário
de autorrelato sobre o espectro do autismo e inventário de habilidades sociais); e o método
quantitativo, através do percentual de informações colhidas pelo fNIRS, com atribuição de
análises estatísticas a partir do software MatLab. O equipamento utilizado foi o Brainsight®
NIRS-16 da Rogue Resolutions, com técnica de espectroscopia funcional de infravermelho
próximo (fNIRS) para avaliar a função cerebral por meio das mudanças de fluxo sanguíneo,
do tempo das alterações hemodinâmicas e de oxigenação na área, sendo capaz de indicar
onde há maior presença de hemoglobina oxigenada (HbO) e maior presença de hemoglobina
desoxigenada (HbD). Para tanto, foram utilizados 24 optodos no total, sendo 12 em cada
hemisfério cerebral, 4 fontes e 8 detectores de luz. Os optodos formaram 32 canais
abrangendo as seguintes áreas: o córtex motor primário, o córtex temporal (giro temporal
médio), o sulco temporal superior posterior (pSTS) e a junção temporoparietal (TPJ). O
tempo médio do procedimento foi de 25 minutos de avaliação neuroimagiológica, sendo 10
minutos de observação, 4 minutos de execução e o restante de preparação da touca e
instruções para a atividade. Dos 13 canais analisados para ambos os paradigmas, apenas os
canais S2D6 e S4D5 apresentaram um aumento significativo de hemoglobina oxigenada
durante a observação de ação motora (mão) quando comparado com o momento neutro
(movimento pendular). Entretanto, durante a tarefa de execução, em que os participantes
executavam ação motora, não houve aumento significativo de hemoglobina oxigenada.
Durante as análises de dados, foram encontradas limitações e pontos a melhorar, como o uso
de eletrodos nas mãos dos participantes durante a observação e execução das tarefas, de
modo a descartar ruídos provenientes dos movimentos e batimentos cardíacos. Por fim,
conclui-se que, apesar de não ter sido possível confirmar as hipóteses do estudo inicial, os
achados trouxeram sugestões e melhorias para o estudo completo, já que verificar a logística
e metodologia da proposta foram algumas das funções do estudo piloto. Saber onde houve
erros, possibilitou a busca de novos caminhos para investigar os objetivos da pesquisa em
estudo futuro.
The research “The influence of social skills on neural activation during observation of motor actions: a pilot study using neuroimaging” is a project to test the data collection instrument on a small scale, pointing out methods for collection of definitive data. The aims are: 1) to examine neuronal activation in the primary motor cortex and temporal regions; and 2) relate the pattern of neuronal activation during the observation of motor actions to the social skills of research participants. The initial hypothesis of the study was that there would be a more robust cortical activation of the social areas of the brain, during video observation, in participants who had greater social skills. The methods were: the qualitative method, using a questionnaire with closed questions, composed of four parts (sociodemographic information questionnaire, laterality scale, self-report questionnaire on the autism spectrum and social skills inventory); and the quantitative method, through the percentage of information collected by fNIRS, with attribution of statistical analyzes using the MatLab software. The equipment used was Brainsight® NIRS-16 from Rogue Resolutions, with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique to evaluate brain function through changes in blood flow, the time of hemodynamic changes and oxygenation in the area, being capable of indicating where there is a greater presence of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and a greater presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbD). 24 optodes were used in total, 12 in each cerebral hemisphere, 4 sources and 8 light detectors. The optodes formed 32 channels covering the following areas: the primary motor cortex, the temporal cortex (middle temporal gyrus), the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). The average procedure time was 25 minutes of neuroimaging evaluation, with 10 minutes of observation, 4 minutes of execution and the remainder of preparation of the cap and instructions. Of the 13 channels analyzed for both paradigms, only channels S2D6 and S4D5 showed a significant increase in oxygenated hemoglobin during observation of motor action (hand) when compared to the baseline moment (pendulum movement). However, during the execution task, in which participants performed motor action, there was no significant increase in oxygenated hemoglobin. During data analysis, limitations and areas for improvement were found, such as the use of electrodes on participants' hands during observation and execution of tasks, in order to eliminate noise from movements and the heartbeat. Finally, it is concluded that, although it was not possible to confirm the hypotheses of the initial study, the findings brought suggestions and improvements for the complete study, since checking the logistics and methodology of the proposal were some of the functions of the pilot study. Knowing where errors were committed made it possible to find new ways to investigate the research objectives in future studies.
The research “The influence of social skills on neural activation during observation of motor actions: a pilot study using neuroimaging” is a project to test the data collection instrument on a small scale, pointing out methods for collection of definitive data. The aims are: 1) to examine neuronal activation in the primary motor cortex and temporal regions; and 2) relate the pattern of neuronal activation during the observation of motor actions to the social skills of research participants. The initial hypothesis of the study was that there would be a more robust cortical activation of the social areas of the brain, during video observation, in participants who had greater social skills. The methods were: the qualitative method, using a questionnaire with closed questions, composed of four parts (sociodemographic information questionnaire, laterality scale, self-report questionnaire on the autism spectrum and social skills inventory); and the quantitative method, through the percentage of information collected by fNIRS, with attribution of statistical analyzes using the MatLab software. The equipment used was Brainsight® NIRS-16 from Rogue Resolutions, with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique to evaluate brain function through changes in blood flow, the time of hemodynamic changes and oxygenation in the area, being capable of indicating where there is a greater presence of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and a greater presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbD). 24 optodes were used in total, 12 in each cerebral hemisphere, 4 sources and 8 light detectors. The optodes formed 32 channels covering the following areas: the primary motor cortex, the temporal cortex (middle temporal gyrus), the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). The average procedure time was 25 minutes of neuroimaging evaluation, with 10 minutes of observation, 4 minutes of execution and the remainder of preparation of the cap and instructions. Of the 13 channels analyzed for both paradigms, only channels S2D6 and S4D5 showed a significant increase in oxygenated hemoglobin during observation of motor action (hand) when compared to the baseline moment (pendulum movement). However, during the execution task, in which participants performed motor action, there was no significant increase in oxygenated hemoglobin. During data analysis, limitations and areas for improvement were found, such as the use of electrodes on participants' hands during observation and execution of tasks, in order to eliminate noise from movements and the heartbeat. Finally, it is concluded that, although it was not possible to confirm the hypotheses of the initial study, the findings brought suggestions and improvements for the complete study, since checking the logistics and methodology of the proposal were some of the functions of the pilot study. Knowing where errors were committed made it possible to find new ways to investigate the research objectives in future studies.
Description
Keywords
Fnirs Ações motoras Habilidades sociais Cognição social Sistema de neurônios-espelho Neuropsicologia