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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
During the early Holocene, rapid sea- level rise led to the inundation of coastal areas, with shallow landscapes being the most affected. The Carmel coast, located in the Eastern Mediterranean, preserves a rich record of such a submerged landscape, hosting numerous archaeological sites, including the well-preserved Atlit-Yam Neolithic village. In order to reconstruct the geomorphological evolution of the submerged coastal landscape, 23 underwater sediment cores of variable length (ranging from 60 to 240 cm) were drilled both inside and outside the known extent of the Atlit-Yam village. A detailed stratigraphy of the submerged landscape was generated based on the analysis of 18 representative cores. The sedimentary sequences identified in the analyzed cores were defined by respective facies associations, and combined with physical (grain size, magnetic susceptibility), chemical (elemental geochemistry), and organic (total organic content) properties of the sediments. Moreover, the sediment cores were constrained by a radiocarbon chronology. Our analysis reveals the spatially heterogeneous stratification of submerged coastal sediments, influenced by sediment supply, stratigraphic dynamics, rising sea level and human activity. The stratigraphic framework presented here allows identification of sedimentary facies associated with the period of active human occupation. We identify ten sedimentary facies characterized by elevated total organic content, magnetic susceptibility, P/Al, Ti/Al ratios together with distinct grain sizes highlighting the complex interplay between sea-level rise, sedimentary processes, and landscape evolution from Late Pleistocene to the Early Holocene. This study provides stratigraphic and chronological evidence for sustained Neolithic occupation between ~9600 and 8600 cal. Yrs BP, prior to the early stages of coastal inundation. These findings demonstrate the advantage of coring and sedimentological analysis for studying early human occupation of coastal areas in direct relations to landscape transformation due to rising sea levels.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carmel coast Holocene Landscape evolution Neolithic submerged settlements Rising sea level Stratigraphy Atlit-Yam site
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Elsevier