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Parsimony, homology and the continuity of stone tool use in the hominin clade

2026Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg16:Paz, Justiça e Instituições Eficazes
dc.contributor.authorProffitt, Tomos
dc.contributor.authorReeves, Jonathan S.
dc.contributor.authorBandini, Elisa
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-08T10:37:23Z
dc.date.available2026-09-08T10:37:23Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractWhether the last common ancestor (LCA) of Homo and Pan (ca. 6–7 Ma) used stone tools is a foundational question in palaeoanthropology. However, it is often treated as known rather than as a hypothesis requiring substantiation. Lacking fossil evidence for the LCA, this assumption is based on data from extant primates and the available hominin fossil record. Phylogenetic approaches invoking parsimony argue that the presence of stone tool use in both Pan and Homo reflects homology rather than convergent evolution. While methodologically legitimate, we argue that this framework has been applied without sufficient attention to the specific criteria for this to be true. For homology to hold, stone tool use must have been continuously expressed across generations of both lineages from the LCA to the present. We evaluate this claim against three lines of evidence: behavioural data from extant primates, showing that stone tool use is heterogeneous within Pan; the hominin fossil and archaeological record, which leaves a substantial evidential gap between the LCA and the earliest known documented technologies; and comparative data from phylogenetically distant tool using animals, which show that similar behaviours can arise independently under comparable ecological conditions. Together, these lines of evidence favour a model of multiple, context-dependent origins of stone tool use over unbroken inheritance from a tool using LCA.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipUID/04211/2025; WRAP project n°101170899; ERC, PRIMERS project n°101161975; ERC, OLAF project n° 101165303;
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/ext.2026.10018
dc.identifier.issn2755-0958
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/29402
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherCambridge University Press (CUP)
dc.relationUID/04211/2025
dc.relation.ispartofCambridge Prisms: Extinction
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectLast common ancestor
dc.subjectCadistics
dc.subjectParsimony
dc.subjectTool use
dc.subjectPrimates
dc.subjectEarly stone tools
dc.titleParsimony, homology and the continuity of stone tool use in the hominin cladeeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.startPagee11
oaire.citation.titleCambridge Prisms: Extinction
oaire.citation.volume4
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameProffitt
person.familyNameReeves
person.familyNameBandini
person.givenNameTomos
person.givenNameJonathan S.
person.givenNameElisa
person.identifier.ciencia-id7E1B-38E4-1DBC
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1428-2013
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2017-0539
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8293-9171
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd7354c31-d7bb-483c-85c7-afa3635f3f89
relation.isAuthorOfPublication39603ab0-a0e7-45ef-8028-ede99575c431
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd403603e-370b-4321-aeb6-22832b2e2946
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd7354c31-d7bb-483c-85c7-afa3635f3f89

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