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Nanoparticle delivery systems for diabetic wound healing
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A diabetes é uma doença crónica caracterizada pelas elevadas concentrações de glucose na corrente sanguínea, condição esta designada por hiperglicemia, na qual o organismo não produz insulina suficiente ou não a consegue utilizar, dependendo do tipo de diabetes que se trata, sendo esta uma doença com uma taxa de prevalência elevada a nível mundial. Devido à exposição prolongada dos indivíduos às elevadas concentrações de glucose no sangue, estes apresentam complicações tais como danos nos vasos sanguíneos (angiogénese), no sistema nervoso e no sistema imunológico. Como resultado destas complicações, o desenvolvimento de inflamação crónica em feridas diabéticas é frequente. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo explorar a aplicação de sistemas nanoparticulados como uma abordagem terapêutica inovadora para suavizar aquilo que são os desafios face á cicatrização de feridas em pacientes diabéticos. Estes sistemas são responsáveis pelo direcionamento da terapêutica, utilizando as nanopartículas como veículo de diversos agentes terapêuticos - como fatores de crescimento, antibióticos e compostos anti-inflamatórios - diretamente no local da ferida. Estes sistemas nanoparticulados direcionam e melhoram a biodisponibilidade desses agentes, promovendo a regeneração tecidual e acelerando os processos de cicatrização. As propriedades únicas das nanopartículas, como a maior área de superfície e a capacidade de penetrar barreiras biológicas, facilitam interações melhoradas com os diferentes componentes celulares essenciais no processo de cicatrização. Esta dissertação aborda de uma forma abrangente a literatura atual sobre diversos sistemas de administração nanoparticulares, incluindo nanopartículas lipídicas, poliméricas e metálicas, e avalia sua eficácia na melhoria dos resultados de cicatrização em feridas diabéticas. As conclusões destacam o potencial da integração dessas tecnologias avançadas na prática clínica, podendo transformar a abordagem terapêutica face às feridas diabéticas, reduzindo as complicações e melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, a condition known as hyperglycemia, in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, depending on the type of diabetes. This disease has a high prevalence rate worldwide. Due to prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels, individuals often experience complications such as damage to blood vessels (angiogenesis), the nervous system, and the immune system. As a result of these complications, the development of chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds is frequent. This dissertation aims to explore the application of nanoparticle-based systems as an innovative therapeutic approach to address the challenges of wound healing in diabetic patients. These systems are responsible for targeted therapy, using nanoparticles as carriers for various therapeutic agents—such as growth factors, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory compounds—delivered directly to the wound site. Nanoparticle systems enhance the bioavailability of these agents, promoting tissue regeneration and accelerating the healing process. The unique properties of nanoparticles, such as their larger surface area and ability to penetrate biological barriers, facilitate improved interactions with different cellular components essential to the healing process. This dissertation comprehensively reviews the current literature on various nanoparticle delivery systems, including lipid, polymeric, and metallic nanoparticles, and evaluates their effectiveness in improving healing outcomes in diabetic wounds. The conclusions highlight the potential of integrating these advanced technologies into clinical practice, which could transform therapeutic approaches to diabetic wounds, reduce complications, and improve patients' quality of life.
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, a condition known as hyperglycemia, in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, depending on the type of diabetes. This disease has a high prevalence rate worldwide. Due to prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels, individuals often experience complications such as damage to blood vessels (angiogenesis), the nervous system, and the immune system. As a result of these complications, the development of chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds is frequent. This dissertation aims to explore the application of nanoparticle-based systems as an innovative therapeutic approach to address the challenges of wound healing in diabetic patients. These systems are responsible for targeted therapy, using nanoparticles as carriers for various therapeutic agents—such as growth factors, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory compounds—delivered directly to the wound site. Nanoparticle systems enhance the bioavailability of these agents, promoting tissue regeneration and accelerating the healing process. The unique properties of nanoparticles, such as their larger surface area and ability to penetrate biological barriers, facilitate improved interactions with different cellular components essential to the healing process. This dissertation comprehensively reviews the current literature on various nanoparticle delivery systems, including lipid, polymeric, and metallic nanoparticles, and evaluates their effectiveness in improving healing outcomes in diabetic wounds. The conclusions highlight the potential of integrating these advanced technologies into clinical practice, which could transform therapeutic approaches to diabetic wounds, reduce complications, and improve patients' quality of life.
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Keywords
Inflamação Nanopartícula lipídica Nanopartícula polimérica Nanopartícula metálica