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Publication
Contributos para a mitigação dos fenómenos hidrológicos extremos na bacia hidrográfica da Ribeira de Albufeira. Proposta de Infraestrutura Verde
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Abstract(s)
Os efeitos das alterações do uso do solo induzidas, principalmente por ações do Homem, com grande incidência no meio urbano, têm vindo a ter fortes repercussões no território, nomeadamente o incremento dos fenómenos hidrológicos extremos, como cheias e inundações.
O crescente processo de urbanização, que tem levado à destruição do coberto vegetal e à ocupação das margens dos cursos de água, é referido como uma das principais causas associadas ao aumento da ocorrência de cheias e inundações. Associado às alterações do uso do solo, está em simultâneo, o fenómeno das alterações climáticas globais. Também é de mencionar que alguns dos sistemas de drenagem existentes no meio urbano, não são os mais eficientes, pois na maior parte dos casos não são recentes e o dimensionamento não foi previsto para este tipo de alterações que as bacias hidrográficas têm sofrido com o decorrer do tempo, particularmente com o aumento do tecido urbano.
A cidade de Albufeira é um exemplo deste fenómeno e a Ribeira de Albufeira, que atravessa parte da cidade, foi impermeabilizada, originando, aquando intensas precipitações, inundações. Este fenómeno provoca uma série de problemas sendo urgente uma intervenção que dê resposta a todos estes problemas. Garantir a infiltração da água e a sua livre circulação, favorecendo a permeabilidade do solo e, principalmente, a predominância do coberto vegetal, são alguns dos fatores que mantem o equilíbrio ecológico, bem como, o melhor funcionamento do ciclo hidrológico, minimizando assim, os efeitos dos fenómenos hidrológicos extremos.
O conceito de Infraestrutura Verde tem vindo a ser apontado como uma das soluções mais benéficas para o melhor funcionamento do território e das cidades, contribuindo para a mitigação de uma série de problemas, como as cheias e inundações, e para a valorização dos serviços ecossistémicos.
Como tal, neste estudo, além da caraterização da área de intervenção, é feita a respetiva análise das alterações do uso do solo, com o intuito de avaliar quais as componentes disfuncionais e a valorizar no território. É desenvolvida uma proposta de Infraestrutura Verde, dando ênfase à cidade, mais concretamente, à zona mais afetada pelas inundações, de forma a mitigar as mesmas e proporcionar em simultâneo, um espaço de recreio e lazer à população.
The effects of land use induced changes, mainly by human actions, with a high incidence in the urban environment, have had strong repercussions in the territory, namely the increase of extreme hydrological phenomenon, such as flood. The growing process of urbanization, which has led to the destruction of vegetation and the occupation of watercourse margins, is referred to as one of the main causes associated with the increased occurrence of floods. Associated with land use changes is the phenomenon of global climate change. It is also worth mentioning that some of the existing drainage systems in the urban environment are not the most efficient, as in most cases they are not recent and the sizing has not been foreseen for this type of alteration that the watersheds have undergone over time, particularly as the urban fabric increases. The city of Albufeira is an example of this phenomenon and the Stream of Albufeira, which crosses part of the city, has been waterproofed, resulting in flooding when there are intense rainfalls. This phenomenon causes several problems and urgent action is needed to address all of them. Ensuring water infiltration and free circulation, favoring soil permeability and, especially, the predominance of vegetation cover, are some of the factors that maintain the ecological balance, as well as the better functioning of the hydrological cycle, thus minimizing the effects of extreme hydrological phenomenon. The concept of Green Infrastructure has been pointed out as one of the most beneficial solutions for the better functioning of the territory and cities, contributing to the mitigation of a series of problems such as floods as well as the enhancement of ecosystem services. Therefore, in this study, besides the characterization of the intervention area, the respective analysis of land use changes is made in order to evaluate which dysfunctional components are to be valued in the territory. A proposal of Green Infrastructure is developed, emphasizing the city, more specifically, the area most affected by floods, in order to mitigate the same and provide a space for recreation and leisure to the population.
The effects of land use induced changes, mainly by human actions, with a high incidence in the urban environment, have had strong repercussions in the territory, namely the increase of extreme hydrological phenomenon, such as flood. The growing process of urbanization, which has led to the destruction of vegetation and the occupation of watercourse margins, is referred to as one of the main causes associated with the increased occurrence of floods. Associated with land use changes is the phenomenon of global climate change. It is also worth mentioning that some of the existing drainage systems in the urban environment are not the most efficient, as in most cases they are not recent and the sizing has not been foreseen for this type of alteration that the watersheds have undergone over time, particularly as the urban fabric increases. The city of Albufeira is an example of this phenomenon and the Stream of Albufeira, which crosses part of the city, has been waterproofed, resulting in flooding when there are intense rainfalls. This phenomenon causes several problems and urgent action is needed to address all of them. Ensuring water infiltration and free circulation, favoring soil permeability and, especially, the predominance of vegetation cover, are some of the factors that maintain the ecological balance, as well as the better functioning of the hydrological cycle, thus minimizing the effects of extreme hydrological phenomenon. The concept of Green Infrastructure has been pointed out as one of the most beneficial solutions for the better functioning of the territory and cities, contributing to the mitigation of a series of problems such as floods as well as the enhancement of ecosystem services. Therefore, in this study, besides the characterization of the intervention area, the respective analysis of land use changes is made in order to evaluate which dysfunctional components are to be valued in the territory. A proposal of Green Infrastructure is developed, emphasizing the city, more specifically, the area most affected by floods, in order to mitigate the same and provide a space for recreation and leisure to the population.
Description
Keywords
Albufeira Uso do solo Bacia hidrográfica Fenómenos hidrológicos extremos Infraestrutura verde