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A evolução da abordagem farmacológica da epilepsia: foco nos fármacos de 3ª geração
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Abstract(s)
A epilepsia é um dos distúrbios neurológicos mais comuns em todo o mundo, afetando cerca de 50 milhões de pessoas de todas as idades. É caraterizada pela ocorrência frequente e imprevisível de crises, que são provocadas por uma atividade neuronal anormal excessiva no cérebro. As crises epiléticas, bem como os diferentes tipos de epilepsias são classificados de acordo com o estabelecido pela International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), classificação essa que tem sido alvo de diversas atualizações ao longo das décadas. O tratamento ideal desta doença tem como objetivo o controlo completo das crises, reduzindo ao máximo os efeitos secundários dos fármacos antiepiléticos, bem como a resistência que o doente, em muitos casos, desenvolve à terapêutica. Desta forma, têm sido continuamente desenvolvidos novos fármacos antiepiléticos com mecanismos de ação diversos e inovadores.
A presente monografia baseia-se numa revisão bibliográfica que inclui aspetos relativos à definição, classificação e fisiopatologia da epilepsia, assim como as propriedades dos antiepiléticos mais recentes que constituem a 3ª geração, nomeadamente no que diz respeito a indicações terapêuticas, mecanismos de ação e principais interações medicamentosas. Por fim, são abordados também alguns fármacos que atualmente se encontram sob investigação clínica, com o intuito de desenvolver novas estratégias terapêuticas para o controlo e prevenção da epilepsia.
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, affecting approximately 50 million people of all ages. It is characterized by the frequent and unpredictable occurrence of seizures, which are caused by excessive abnormal neuronal activity in the brain. Epileptic seizures, as well as the different types of epilepsies, are classified according to what it is established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), a classification that has been the target of several updates over the decades. The ideal treatment for this disease is aimed at achieving the complete control of seizures, reducing as much as possible the side effects of antiepileptic drugs, as well as the resistance that the patient, in many cases, develops to therapy. Thus, new antiepileptic drugs with diverse and innovative mechanisms of action have been continuously developed. This monograph is based on a literature review that includes aspects related to the definition, classification and pathophysiology of epilepsy, as well as the properties of the most recent antiepileptic drugs that constitute the 3rd generation, such as therapeutic indications, mechanisms of action and main drug interactions. Finally, some drugs that are currently under clinical investigation are also addressed, with the aim of developing new therapeutic strategies for the control and prevention of epilepsy.
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, affecting approximately 50 million people of all ages. It is characterized by the frequent and unpredictable occurrence of seizures, which are caused by excessive abnormal neuronal activity in the brain. Epileptic seizures, as well as the different types of epilepsies, are classified according to what it is established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), a classification that has been the target of several updates over the decades. The ideal treatment for this disease is aimed at achieving the complete control of seizures, reducing as much as possible the side effects of antiepileptic drugs, as well as the resistance that the patient, in many cases, develops to therapy. Thus, new antiepileptic drugs with diverse and innovative mechanisms of action have been continuously developed. This monograph is based on a literature review that includes aspects related to the definition, classification and pathophysiology of epilepsy, as well as the properties of the most recent antiepileptic drugs that constitute the 3rd generation, such as therapeutic indications, mechanisms of action and main drug interactions. Finally, some drugs that are currently under clinical investigation are also addressed, with the aim of developing new therapeutic strategies for the control and prevention of epilepsy.
Description
Keywords
Crise epilética Epilepsia Epileptogénese Antiepilético 3ª geração Mecanismo de acão antiepilético