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Simulação de uma máquina frigorífica com aproveitamento de frio e calor aplicado à indústria hoteleira
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| 6.05 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O setor do Turismo representa uma parte significativa na economia do nosso país, principalmente da região algarvia, sendo este setor responsável por um número significativo de empregos.
O algarve é um dos destinos preferidos pelos turistas que visitam Portugal e as unidades hoteleiras são uma das componentes fundamentais neste setor, nomeadamente são responsáveis pelo bem-estar e pela permanência dos turistas.
Verifica-se que existe uma maior consciencialização dos problemas ambientais, incluindo a eficiência energética e a redução de emissões, por isso, as unidades hoteleiras têm que ser, não só, economicamente competitivas, mas também energeticamente eficientes, até porque os custos energéticos são significativos na estrutura de custos de uma unidade hoteleira.
O objetivo desta dissertação foi a simulação do funcionamento energético de um equipamento constituído por uma máquina frigorífica, depósitos de acumulação e permutadores, através do software EES, de modo a satisfazer energeticamente as necessidades duma unidade hoteleira, aproveitando simultaneamente a energia absorvida pelo evaporador e a energia rejeitada pelo condensador. Este equipamento é denominado por Sistema Energético Integrado – SEI.
Foram analisados as necessidades energéticas e os perfis de consumo de uma unidade hoteleira no Algarve, para arrefecimento ambiente, para aquecimento ambiente, para aquecimento da água de piscinas e para preparação de águas quentes sanitárias. Posteriormente foi efetuada a simulação energética do SEI de forma a satisfazer em simultâneo as necessidades energéticas da unidade hoteleira.
Pelo facto de ocorrer produção simultânea o excedente de energia produzida, frio ou calor, é acumulada em reservatórios de água gelada ou água quente respetivamente. Caso os reservatórios não tenham capacidade de acumulação a energia é rejeitada para o exterior.
Verificou-se que o sistema energético integrado que permite utilizar simultaneamente o frio e o calor, é energeticamente mais eficiente, menos poluente e com menores custos operacionais comparado com as soluções mais comuns para este tipo de instalações, chillers e caldeiras, em que utilizam apenas uma das formas de energia.
The Tourism sector represents a major part of the economy of our country, especially in the Algarve – being this sector responsible for a significant number of jobs. Algarve is one of the preferred destinations for tourists who are visiting Portugal. When it comes to the tourism sector, hotel units are one of the key components, namely, they are responsible for the well-being and the permanence of tourists. There is a growing awareness of environmental issues, including energy efficiency and emissions reduction. Therefore, hotel units have to be not only economically competitive but also energy efficient – since energy costs are significant in the cost structure of a hotel unit. The aim of this dissertation was a simulation of the functioning of an energetic equipment consisting of a frigorific machine, accumulation tanks, and exchangers, through the EES software. In order to energetically satisfy the needs of a hotel unit, it is used both the energy absorbed by the evaporator as well as the energy released by the condenser. This equipment is called Integrated Energy System - IES. For this simulation, the energy needs and consumption profiles of a hotel unit in Algarve were analyzed for space cooling, space heating, pool water heating, and hot water preparation. Afterward, the energy simulation of the IES was carried out to satisfy the energy needs of the hotel unit. Since simultaneous production occurs, the surplus energy produced, cold or heat, is accumulated in cold water or hot water reservoirs, respectively. Still, in case of insufficient storage capacity of the reservoirs, the surplus energy accumulated is rejected. It was found that the integrated energy system which allows the simultaneous use of cold and heat is more energy-efficient, less polluting, and with lower operating costs when compared to the most common solutions for this type of facility – chillers and boilers – which only use one of the energy forms.
The Tourism sector represents a major part of the economy of our country, especially in the Algarve – being this sector responsible for a significant number of jobs. Algarve is one of the preferred destinations for tourists who are visiting Portugal. When it comes to the tourism sector, hotel units are one of the key components, namely, they are responsible for the well-being and the permanence of tourists. There is a growing awareness of environmental issues, including energy efficiency and emissions reduction. Therefore, hotel units have to be not only economically competitive but also energy efficient – since energy costs are significant in the cost structure of a hotel unit. The aim of this dissertation was a simulation of the functioning of an energetic equipment consisting of a frigorific machine, accumulation tanks, and exchangers, through the EES software. In order to energetically satisfy the needs of a hotel unit, it is used both the energy absorbed by the evaporator as well as the energy released by the condenser. This equipment is called Integrated Energy System - IES. For this simulation, the energy needs and consumption profiles of a hotel unit in Algarve were analyzed for space cooling, space heating, pool water heating, and hot water preparation. Afterward, the energy simulation of the IES was carried out to satisfy the energy needs of the hotel unit. Since simultaneous production occurs, the surplus energy produced, cold or heat, is accumulated in cold water or hot water reservoirs, respectively. Still, in case of insufficient storage capacity of the reservoirs, the surplus energy accumulated is rejected. It was found that the integrated energy system which allows the simultaneous use of cold and heat is more energy-efficient, less polluting, and with lower operating costs when compared to the most common solutions for this type of facility – chillers and boilers – which only use one of the energy forms.
Description
Keywords
Turismo Algarve Hotel Aquecimento Arrefecimento Bomba de calor