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A laminite é uma doença que afeta os membros dos equinos, mais especificamente nos tecidos chamados lâminas, que unem a 3ª falange ao casco. Trata-se de uma doença que causa uma grave claudicação e mal-estar no animal, para além de estar associada a uma elevada taxa de mortalidade. Normalmente a carreira atlética do cavalo termina quando é realizado o diagnóstico, e no pior dos cenários, pode ser mesmo necessária a eutanásia do animal, se este se encontrar em grande sofrimento.
Esta patologia pode ser de natureza aguda ou crónica. Atualmente não existe consenso quanto aos seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos, tendo sido propostas várias teorias, entre elas, a teoria inflamatória, a vascular, a enzimática, a metabólica e a traumática. Sabe-se que o seu desenvolvimento advém essencialmente da rutura da integridade estrutural da ligação derma-epidérmica, mais precisamente da perda de aderência das células epiteliais basais das lamelas epidérmicas às lamelas dérmicas subjacentes.
A definição da terapêutica mais eficiente para o tratamento da laminite é das questões que mais levanta dúvidas entre médicos veterinários e ferradores. De entre as várias terapêuticas farmacológicas utilizadas destacam-se por exemplo, a terapêutica com fármacos anti-inflamatórios, onde a fenilbutazona e a flunixina meglumina se destacam; analgésicos, sendo os opioides os mais utilizados; fármacos com propriedades vasodilatadoras, como a acetilpromazina e fenoxibenzamina; e finalmente os anti-trombóticos, como a heparina e o ácido acetilsalicílico. Sob o ponto de vista não farmacológico, também são várias as medidas que se podem implementar, como por exemplo a crioterapia, alterações alimentares e suporte biomecânico dos cascos, todas com o intuito de se combinarem com a terapêutica farmacológica.
Laminitis is a disease that affects the limbs of horses, more specifically the tissues called laminae, which attach the 3rd phalanx to the hoof. It is a disease that can be acute or chronic, and which causes severe lameness and discomfort in the animal, in addition to being associated with a high mortality rate. Normally, the horse's athletic career ends with the diagnosis, and in the worst case scenario, euthanasia may be necessary if the horse is in great distress. Currently, there is no consensus regarding its pathophysiological mechanisms. Several theories have been proposed, including the inflammatory, vascular, enzymatic, metabolic and traumatic theories. It is known that its development comes essentially from the rupture of the structural integrity of the derma-epidermal connection, more precisely from the loss of adhesion of the basal epithelial cells of the epidermal lamellae to the underlying dermal lamellae. The definition of the most effective therapy for the treatment of laminitis remains one of the most debated issues among veterinarians and farriers. Among the various pharmacological treatments used, anti-inflammatory drugs stand out, particularly phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine; analgesics, with opioids being the most commonly used; vasodilator drugs, such as acepromazine and phenoxybenzamine; and finally antithrombotic agents, including heparin and acetylsalicylic acid. From a non-pharmacological standpoint, several measures can also be implemented, such as cryotherapy, dietary changes, and biomechanical support of the hooves. All aimed at complementing the pharmacological treatment.
Laminitis is a disease that affects the limbs of horses, more specifically the tissues called laminae, which attach the 3rd phalanx to the hoof. It is a disease that can be acute or chronic, and which causes severe lameness and discomfort in the animal, in addition to being associated with a high mortality rate. Normally, the horse's athletic career ends with the diagnosis, and in the worst case scenario, euthanasia may be necessary if the horse is in great distress. Currently, there is no consensus regarding its pathophysiological mechanisms. Several theories have been proposed, including the inflammatory, vascular, enzymatic, metabolic and traumatic theories. It is known that its development comes essentially from the rupture of the structural integrity of the derma-epidermal connection, more precisely from the loss of adhesion of the basal epithelial cells of the epidermal lamellae to the underlying dermal lamellae. The definition of the most effective therapy for the treatment of laminitis remains one of the most debated issues among veterinarians and farriers. Among the various pharmacological treatments used, anti-inflammatory drugs stand out, particularly phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine; analgesics, with opioids being the most commonly used; vasodilator drugs, such as acepromazine and phenoxybenzamine; and finally antithrombotic agents, including heparin and acetylsalicylic acid. From a non-pharmacological standpoint, several measures can also be implemented, such as cryotherapy, dietary changes, and biomechanical support of the hooves. All aimed at complementing the pharmacological treatment.
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Diagnóstico da laminite Laminite aguda Laminite crónica Laminite equina Teorias fisiopatológicas Terapia farmacológica