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De acordo com a União Europeia, os riscos psicossociais relacionados com o trabalho são uma forte ameaça para a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores, e a literatura científica atual indica que profissões ligadas ao setor da saúde são mais sensíveis à ocorrência desses riscos. Esta investigação, quantitativa e transversal, pretendeu avaliar os fatores de risco psicossociais presentes em Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social (IPSS) da região do Algarve e analisar se a perceção dos mesmos varia em função das características sociodemográficas e socioprofissionais dos participantes. A amostragem não probabilística (n = 216) foi constituída por diferentes profissões onde a mais comum foi ajudante de ação direta (32.4%); a média de idades foi 42 anos (M=42.18; DP=11.55) e a maioria pertencia ao sexo feminino (89%). As habilitações literárias mais prevalentes foram: licenciatura (24%), Ensino Secundário (22%) e 3º ciclo (21%). A recolha de dados ocorreu on-line pela utilização de um protocolo de investigação constituído por um questionário sociodemográfico e pela versão curta do Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II). Na análise dos dados foram realizados testes de diferença de médias, t-student (t) e ANOVA (F) para observar se havia diferenças entre os fatores de risco psicossociais propostos pelo COPSOQ-II e as características da amostra. Concluiu-se que os fatores de risco psicossociais que mais colocam os trabalhadores numa situação de risco para a saúde são as exigências cognitivas e emocionais. A perceção dos riscos psicossociais varia em função das habilitações literárias, exercício de funções de chefia e número de horas trabalhadas semanalmente. Por outro lado, os riscos psicossociais revelaram-se mais comuns na classe de trabalhadores que desempenhava funções de chefia. A implementação de melhorias psicossociais nos processos e práticas organizacionais são fortemente recomendadas, com vista a evitar consequências negativas de maior na vida dos trabalhadores em causa e evitar assim o declínio dos serviços.
According to the European Union, work-related psychosocial risk factors are a major threat to the health and safety of workers, and the current literature indicates that occupations linked to the health sector are more vulnerable to the occurrence of these risks. This quantitative and cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the incidence of work-related psychosocial risk factors in Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social (IPSS) in the Algarve region and to assess whether the perception of these risks varied in terms of the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants. A sample was collected (N=216) with workers from different occupations, where the most common was assistant of direct action (32.4%); the mean age of participants was 42 years old (M=42.18; SD=11.55), and the majority were females (89%). The most common educational background was the bachelor’s degree (24%) followed by secondary education (22%) and third cycle of basic education (21%). Data collection occurred online using a research protocol composed by a sociodemographic questionnaire and the short-version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II). Data analysis was performed with mean-difference tests, student’s t and ANOVA (F), to observe if there were differences between the psychosocial risk factors and the sample characteristics. It was concluded that the most prevalent psychosocial risk factors were cognitive and emotional demands. The perception of psychosocial risk factors varied according to the educational background, performance of management tasks, and number of hours worked weekly. The implementation of psychosocial improvements in the organizational practices and procedures are strongly recommended, with the objective of avoiding negative outcomes in the life of workers and, thus, avoiding the deterioration of services.
According to the European Union, work-related psychosocial risk factors are a major threat to the health and safety of workers, and the current literature indicates that occupations linked to the health sector are more vulnerable to the occurrence of these risks. This quantitative and cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the incidence of work-related psychosocial risk factors in Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social (IPSS) in the Algarve region and to assess whether the perception of these risks varied in terms of the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants. A sample was collected (N=216) with workers from different occupations, where the most common was assistant of direct action (32.4%); the mean age of participants was 42 years old (M=42.18; SD=11.55), and the majority were females (89%). The most common educational background was the bachelor’s degree (24%) followed by secondary education (22%) and third cycle of basic education (21%). Data collection occurred online using a research protocol composed by a sociodemographic questionnaire and the short-version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II). Data analysis was performed with mean-difference tests, student’s t and ANOVA (F), to observe if there were differences between the psychosocial risk factors and the sample characteristics. It was concluded that the most prevalent psychosocial risk factors were cognitive and emotional demands. The perception of psychosocial risk factors varied according to the educational background, performance of management tasks, and number of hours worked weekly. The implementation of psychosocial improvements in the organizational practices and procedures are strongly recommended, with the objective of avoiding negative outcomes in the life of workers and, thus, avoiding the deterioration of services.
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Keywords
Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire (COPSOQ) Instituição particular de solidariedade social (IPSS) Fatores de risco psicossociais Segurança e saúde no trabalho