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Publication
Vírus do Papiloma Humano (HPV): a história clínica e sua epidemiologia
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Abstract(s)
O vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) do género Papillomavirus, pertence à família Papillomaviridae. Este vírus têm uma elevada afinidade para células do epitélio escamoso estratificado, que estão na parte mais inferior da epiderme. Possui a capacidade de se integrar no genoma do hospedeiro, assim quando no núcleo ocorre amplificação do ADN celular, o genoma viral é replicado em conjunto com o genoma celular do hospedeiro. As manifestações clínicas variam com o tipo de HPV presente na infeção, o tipo de tecido que afeta e da resposta imunitária do hospedeiro. São vários os tipos de verrugas cutâneas ou lesões de mucosas que podem surgir, estas diferenciam-se pelas suas características especificas, tecidos que afetam bem como o seu genótipo causador. Para que haja o diagnóstico de um cancro invasivo tem de haver múltiplos fatores essenciais para o desenvolvimento de cancro, após a infeção por HPV. O vírus tem oncoproteínas de extrema importância para que haja carcinogénese, as proteínas são a E5, E6 e E7 com várias funções como, por exemplo, angiogénese, inibição de proteínas responsáveis pela apoptose. Os métodos de diagnóstico são testes moleculares, que caso estejam positivos são seguidos de uma citologia. Existem vários tratamentos de venda livre disponíveis em farmácias comunitárias para lesões de baixo grau. Em Portugal está disponível a Gardasil® 9 (nonavalente) a qual têm demonstrado elevado grau de proteção. A infeção por HPV é um fator de risco para o cancro do colo do útero, que ocupa a quarta posição dos mais comuns entre as mulheres, em 2020 registaram-se 604 127 novos casos de cancro em todo o mundo. Em Portugal foram registados 865. Em 2020 registaram-se 341 831 mortes associadas ao cancro do colo do útero a nível global. Em Portugal, no ano de 2020 foram registadas cerca de 379 mortes devido a cancro do colo do útero.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) of the genus Papillomavirus, belongs to the Papillomaviridae family. This virus has a high affinity for cells of the stratified squamous epithelium, which are in the lowest part of the epidermis. It can integrate into the host genome, so when cellular DNA amplification occurs in the nucleus, the viral genome is replicated together with the host cell genome. Clinical manifestations vary with the type of HPV present in the infection, the type of tissue it affects and the host's immune response. There are several types of skin warts or mucosal lesions that can arise, these are differentiated by their specific characteristics, tissues they affect as well as their causative genotype. To diagnose an invasive cancer, there must be multiple factors essential for the development of cancer after HPV infection. The virus has extremely important oncoproteins for carcinogenesis, the proteins are E5, E6 and E7 with various functions such as, for example, inducing uncontrolled cell proliferation of undifferentiated cells, angiogenesis, inhibition of proteins responsible for apoptosis. The diagnostic methods are molecular tests, which if positive is followed by cytology. There are several over-the-counter treatments available from community pharmacies for low-grade injuries. In Portugal, Gardasil® 9 (ninth valent) is available, which has shown a high degree of protection. HPV infection is a risk factor for cervical cancer, which occupies the fourth position of the most common among women, in 2020 there were 604 127 new cases of cancer worldwide. In Portugal, 865 were registered. In 2020, 341,831 deaths associated with cervical cancer were recorded globally. In Portugal, in 2020, around 379 deaths due to cervical cancer were recorded.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) of the genus Papillomavirus, belongs to the Papillomaviridae family. This virus has a high affinity for cells of the stratified squamous epithelium, which are in the lowest part of the epidermis. It can integrate into the host genome, so when cellular DNA amplification occurs in the nucleus, the viral genome is replicated together with the host cell genome. Clinical manifestations vary with the type of HPV present in the infection, the type of tissue it affects and the host's immune response. There are several types of skin warts or mucosal lesions that can arise, these are differentiated by their specific characteristics, tissues they affect as well as their causative genotype. To diagnose an invasive cancer, there must be multiple factors essential for the development of cancer after HPV infection. The virus has extremely important oncoproteins for carcinogenesis, the proteins are E5, E6 and E7 with various functions such as, for example, inducing uncontrolled cell proliferation of undifferentiated cells, angiogenesis, inhibition of proteins responsible for apoptosis. The diagnostic methods are molecular tests, which if positive is followed by cytology. There are several over-the-counter treatments available from community pharmacies for low-grade injuries. In Portugal, Gardasil® 9 (ninth valent) is available, which has shown a high degree of protection. HPV infection is a risk factor for cervical cancer, which occupies the fourth position of the most common among women, in 2020 there were 604 127 new cases of cancer worldwide. In Portugal, 865 were registered. In 2020, 341,831 deaths associated with cervical cancer were recorded globally. In Portugal, in 2020, around 379 deaths due to cervical cancer were recorded.
Description
Keywords
Vírus do papiloma humano Tratamentos Diagnóstico Prevalência Manifestações Epidemiologia