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On the optimization of carob seed peel extraction using aqueous-based acidic systems

2025-03-21Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMedronho, Bruno
dc.contributor.authorboutoub, Oumaima
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Hugo
dc.contributor.authorAliaño González, María José
dc.contributor.authorGuerra, Rui
dc.contributor.authorBrazio, António
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorRomano, Anabela
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-09T12:54:12Z
dc.date.available2025-05-09T12:54:12Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-21
dc.description.abstractCarob fruit utilization remains limited, with most of their commercial value derived from locust bean gum, which is obtained from seed endosperm. Efficient extraction requires dehusking, which is traditionally performed under harsh conditions. This study aims to develop and optimize a milder, more sustainable dehusking method while preserving seed quality for industrial applications. Various aqueous-based solvents were tested, leading to the selection of metanesulfonic acid (CH4O3S). A Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology optimized the process, using husk removal efficiency as the response variable. The optimized conditions were 24.5 g of seeds treated in 50 mL of a solvent mixture (41% CH4O3S and 59% H2SO4) at 90 degrees C for 10 min, followed by washing by 5 min with water (87 mL). The treated seeds were analyzed using colorimetry assays and diffusive reflectance spectroscopy and benchmarked against both pristine and dehusked seeds from a local company. The resulting seeds remained morphologically intact and exhibited appealing color characteristics comparable to commercial samples. The optimized method ensured intact seed morphology and color characteristics comparable to commercial standards, offering a viable alternative to conventional H2SO4-based dehusking. Furthermore, this study also highlights for the first time the effectiveness of diffusive reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid and straightforward tool for assessing the dehusking process.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipCEECIND/01014/2018/CP1540/CT0002; CEECINST/00052/2021
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules30071397
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27102
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
dc.relationCHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute
dc.relation.ispartofMolecules
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCarob seeds
dc.subjectHusk extraction
dc.subjectDesign of experiments
dc.subjectMethanesulfonic acid
dc.subjectDiffusive reflectance
dc.subjectSpectroscopy
dc.titleOn the optimization of carob seed peel extraction using aqueous-based acidic systemseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
oaire.awardTitleCHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05183%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0121%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.startPage1397
oaire.citation.titleMolecules
oaire.citation.volume30
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameMedronho
person.familyNameboutoub
person.familyNameDuarte
person.familyNameAliaño González
person.familyNameGuerra
person.familyNameBrazio
person.familyNameGonçalves
person.familyNameRomano
person.givenNameBruno
person.givenNameOumaima
person.givenNameHugo
person.givenNameMaría José
person.givenNameRui
person.givenNameAntónio
person.givenNameSandra
person.givenNameAnabela
person.identifier2527718
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3038-4434
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7204-7428
person.identifier.ridP-5927-2014
person.identifier.ridV-3842-2018
person.identifier.ridM-6988-2017
person.identifier.scopus-author-id9940656700
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person.identifier.scopus-author-id8583003200
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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