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Utilização de polímeros de origem marinha na nanotecnologia farmacêutica
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A nanotecnologia é uma das tecnologias mais promissoras do século XXI e o seu papel é especialmente importante na administração de fármacos, solucionando alguns problemas relacionados com as formas farmacêuticas convencionais. Assim, a nanotecnologia farmacêutica possibilita a veiculação de fármacos em sistemas nanotecnológicos que, por sua vez, proporcionam a vetorização do fármaco para o local alvo do organismo, onde a sua libertação pode ocorrer de forma controlada e prolongada, promovendo então o aumento da segurança e eficácia terapêutica. Entre os vários nanossistemas, as nanopartículas poliméricas têm sido alvo de muitos estudos, uma vez que as suas propriedades físico-químicas únicas tornam estas estruturas com grande potencial para muitas aplicações na indústria farmacêutica. As nanopartículas poliméricas podem ser produzidas a partir de uma variedade de polímeros, quer de origem sintética ou de origem natural.
O ambiente marinho constitui um grande ecossistema, sendo considerado uma das maiores e mais importantes fontes de materiais naturais. De entre os biomateriais, os polímeros marinhos e os seus derivados têm sido propostos para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de administração de fármacos, especialmente de nanopartículas poliméricas, tirando partido do seu elevado potencial de biocompatibilidade, biodegradabilidade, reduzida toxicidade e imunogenicidade e das várias propriedades biológicas que lhe estão associadas. Os polímeros marinhos mais estudados em nanotecnologia farmacêutica são o quitosano, o ácido hialurónico, o sulfato de condroitina, a carragenina, o fucoidano, o alginato e o colagénio.
Esta dissertação teve como objetivo apresentar as potencialidades da utilização de polímeros de origem marinha em nanotecnologia farmacêutica, nomeadamente no desenvolvimento de nanopartículas poliméricas. De um modo geral, os diversos estudos apresentados demonstraram resultados bastante positivos, no que diz respeito à performance in vitro e in vivo das nanopartículas. No entanto, serão necessários estudos de toxicidade a longo prazo para avaliar a sua aplicação na prática clínica.
Nanotechnology stands as one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century, playing a particularly vital role in pharmaceutical administration by addressing some issues associated with conventional pharmaceutical forms. Thus, pharmaceutical nanotechnology enables the delivery of drugs in nanotechnological systems, facilitating the targeted delivery of drugs to specific areas within the body, where its release can occur in a controlled and sustained manner, promoting increased safety and therapeutic efficacy. Among the various nanosystems, polymeric nanoparticles have garnered extensive attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, rendering them highly suitable for numerous applications within the pharmaceutical industry. These polymeric nanoparticles can be derived from a variety of polymers, whether of synthetic or natural origin. The marine environment constitutes a vast ecosystem, widely regarded as one of the largest and most important sources of natural materials. Among biomaterials, marine polymers and their derivatives have been proposed for the development of drug delivery systems, especially polymeric nanoparticles, capitalizing on their notable attributes such as high biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, reduced immunogenicity, and various biological properties. Some of the most extensively studied marine polymers in pharmaceutical nanotechnology include chitosan, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, carrageenan, fucoidan, alginate, and collagen. This dissertation aimed to present the potential of using polymers of marine origin in pharmaceutical nanotechnology, namely in the development of polymeric nanoparticles. In general, the various studies presented demonstrated very positive results regarding the in vitro and in vivo performance of nanoparticles. However, long-term toxicity studies will be necessary to evaluate its application in clinical practice.
Nanotechnology stands as one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century, playing a particularly vital role in pharmaceutical administration by addressing some issues associated with conventional pharmaceutical forms. Thus, pharmaceutical nanotechnology enables the delivery of drugs in nanotechnological systems, facilitating the targeted delivery of drugs to specific areas within the body, where its release can occur in a controlled and sustained manner, promoting increased safety and therapeutic efficacy. Among the various nanosystems, polymeric nanoparticles have garnered extensive attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, rendering them highly suitable for numerous applications within the pharmaceutical industry. These polymeric nanoparticles can be derived from a variety of polymers, whether of synthetic or natural origin. The marine environment constitutes a vast ecosystem, widely regarded as one of the largest and most important sources of natural materials. Among biomaterials, marine polymers and their derivatives have been proposed for the development of drug delivery systems, especially polymeric nanoparticles, capitalizing on their notable attributes such as high biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, reduced immunogenicity, and various biological properties. Some of the most extensively studied marine polymers in pharmaceutical nanotechnology include chitosan, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, carrageenan, fucoidan, alginate, and collagen. This dissertation aimed to present the potential of using polymers of marine origin in pharmaceutical nanotechnology, namely in the development of polymeric nanoparticles. In general, the various studies presented demonstrated very positive results regarding the in vitro and in vivo performance of nanoparticles. However, long-term toxicity studies will be necessary to evaluate its application in clinical practice.
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Keywords
Nanomedicina Administração Nanopartícula Polímero Encapsulação Libertação prolongada