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Hepatite C em Portugal: estaremos a caminho da erradicação?
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Abstract(s)
A hepatite C é uma doença hepática, provocada pelo vírus da hepatite C, um pequeno vírus de
ARN que apresenta algumas particularidades, incluindo a sua elevada variabilidade, sendo já
conhecidos, vários genótipos e subtipos diferentes, com distribuição e prevalência mundial distinta. A
sua história natural é muito variável e inicia-se com a infeção pelo vírus, estabelecendo-se uma infeção
aguda, que pode resolver-se espontaneamente ou evoluir para infeção crónica. Esta pode progredir
para cirrose hepática, que representa a principal causa de carcinoma hepatocelular no Mundo. É uma
doença sistémica, maioritariamente, assintomática, que provoca manifestações hepáticas e extra hepáticas. Atualmente, o principal meio de transmissão é a partilha de materiais de consumo, em
consumidores de droga por via injetável, sendo o vírus transmitido através do sangue.
A hepatite C é um problema de saúde pública, com elevadas taxas de prevalência, incidência e
mortalidade, em todo o Mundo, não sendo Portugal uma exceção. Nesse sentido, com o objetivo de
erradicar a doença, foi aprovada uma estratégia mundial, tendo-se, a nível nacional, implementado
políticas e estabelecido prioridades, relativamente a áreas de intervenção, como a prevenção, o
rastreio e o tratamento, a fim de serem atingidas todas as metas propostas pela Organização Mundial
de Saúde.
Os números relativos à hepatite c, desde 2015 até aos dias de hoje, são demonstrativos dos
progressos atingidos com as medidas aplicadas, verificando-se uma tendência decrescente na
morbilidade e mortalidade relacionadas com a doença, mas, igualmente, reveladores de que ainda há
um longo caminho a percorrer, sendo o Farmacêutico um profissional de saúde imprescindível nessa
luta.
Neste âmbito, a presente monografia tem como objetivo avaliar a evolução da situação
epidemiológica da hepatite C em Portugal, refletindo acerca de uma possível erradicação da doença.
Hepatitis C is a hepatic disease, caused by the Hepatitis C Virus, a small RNA virus with some particular characteristics, including its high variability, with several different genotypes and subtypes already known, having different distribution and prevalence worldwide. The natural history of disease is very variable and starts with the virus infection, establishing an acute infection, which can resolve spontaneously or progress to the chronic phase, that can evolute to Liver Cirrhosis, which represents the main cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the world. It’s a systemic disease, mostly asymptomatic, that causes hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. Currently, the main way of transmission is the sharing of consumables in injecting drug users, with the virus being transmitted through blood. Hepatitis C is a public health problem, with high rates of prevalence, incidence and mortality, all over the world, Portugal being no exception. Therefore, with the goal of eradicating the disease, a global strategy was approved and, at a national level, policies were implemented and priorities established, in areas of intervention, such as prevention, screening and treatment, in order to achieve all the goals proposed by the World Health Organization, by 2030. The numbers related with Hepatitis C, from 2015 to the present day, demonstrate the progress achieved with the measures applied, with a decreasing tendency in disease-related morbidity and mortality, but also reveal that there is still a long way to go, with the Pharmacist being an essential health professional in this fight. In this context, the present monograph aims to assess the evolution of the epidemiological situation of Hepatitis C in Portugal, reflecting on a possible eradication of the disease.
Hepatitis C is a hepatic disease, caused by the Hepatitis C Virus, a small RNA virus with some particular characteristics, including its high variability, with several different genotypes and subtypes already known, having different distribution and prevalence worldwide. The natural history of disease is very variable and starts with the virus infection, establishing an acute infection, which can resolve spontaneously or progress to the chronic phase, that can evolute to Liver Cirrhosis, which represents the main cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the world. It’s a systemic disease, mostly asymptomatic, that causes hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. Currently, the main way of transmission is the sharing of consumables in injecting drug users, with the virus being transmitted through blood. Hepatitis C is a public health problem, with high rates of prevalence, incidence and mortality, all over the world, Portugal being no exception. Therefore, with the goal of eradicating the disease, a global strategy was approved and, at a national level, policies were implemented and priorities established, in areas of intervention, such as prevention, screening and treatment, in order to achieve all the goals proposed by the World Health Organization, by 2030. The numbers related with Hepatitis C, from 2015 to the present day, demonstrate the progress achieved with the measures applied, with a decreasing tendency in disease-related morbidity and mortality, but also reveal that there is still a long way to go, with the Pharmacist being an essential health professional in this fight. In this context, the present monograph aims to assess the evolution of the epidemiological situation of Hepatitis C in Portugal, reflecting on a possible eradication of the disease.
Description
Keywords
Hepatite C Vírus da Hepatite C História natural da doença Epidemiologia Prevalência Erradicação Farmacêutico