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Estratégias de formulação com vista à melhoria dos resultados terapêuticos na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica: desafios e oportunidades
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Abstract(s)
A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC) é uma doença do foro pulmonar que é caracterizada por sintomas respiratórios persistentes, como a dispneia e a tosse, e uma limitação contínua do fluxo de ar. O fumo de tabaco é considerado o principal fator de risco, mas alguns fatores do indivíduo também exercem um papel importante no desenvolvimento desta patologia. Atualmente, o tratamento existente foca-se no alívio da sintomatologia através da administração de broncodilatadores de longa duração e, quando necessário e adequado, corticosteróides inaláveis. A via pulmonar continua a ser a via preferencial para o tratamento desta doença, pelo facto de permitir uma administração localizada e oferecer várias vantagens, como um início de ação mais rápido e efeitos adversos reduzidos. Porém, o pulmão é um órgão muito complexo, pelo que também existem alguns desafios na utilização desta via. Apesar de ser uma das doenças crónicas mais comuns, a DPOC continua a ser um grande problema de saúde pública, apresentando morbilidade e mortalidade crescentes. Estes dados provam que as terapêuticas convencionais nem sempre são suficientes para controlar a doença, pelo que existe uma necessidade crescente de encontrar alternativas que permitam melhorar os resultados terapêuticos. Várias estratégias de formulação têm surgido ao longo dos últimos anos para tentar colmatar os obstáculos que impedem o sucesso terapêutico nos doentes com DPOC. Neste sentido, a nanotecnologia, as terapêuticas com RNA, e outras estratégias, têm-se mostrado cada vez mais prevalentes e têm vindo a ganhar peso a nível de investigação, com o intuito de explorar as oportunidades que cada uma delas pode oferecer, bem como os desafios que terão de ser solucionados na eventualidade da sua implementação. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta dissertação consiste em explorar algumas das estratégias de formulação que estão atualmente em investigação e que apresentam resultados promissores no tratamento da DPOC, juntamente com as oportunidades e os desafios a elas associados.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms, like dyspnea and cough, and a continuous airflow limitation. Cigarette smoke is considered the main risk factor, but some factors of the individual also play an important role in the development of this disease. At present, the existing treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through the administration of longacting bronchodilators and, when deemed necessary and appropriate, inhaled corticosteroids. The pulmonary route continues to be preferential for the treatment of this disease, as it allows a localized delivery and offers several advantages, such as a faster onset of action and reduced side effects. However, the lungs are a very complex organ, so there are some challenges in using this route. Despite being one of the most common chronic diseases, COPD continues to be a major public health problem, with growing morbidity and mortality. This data proves that conventional therapies are not always sufficient to control the disease, so there is a rising need to find alternatives to help improve therapeutic results. Several formulation strategies have emerged over the last few years to try to overcome the obstacles that prevent therapeutic success in COPD patients. In this sense, nanotechnology, RNA therapies, and other strategies, have become increasingly prevalent and gather popularity in the research field, with the intent of studying the opportunities each has to offer, as well as the challenges that will need to be resolved in the event of their implementation. In this context, the purpose of this dissertation is to explore some of the formulation strategies that are currently under investigation and show promising results in the treatment of COPD, along with the associated opportunities and challenges.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms, like dyspnea and cough, and a continuous airflow limitation. Cigarette smoke is considered the main risk factor, but some factors of the individual also play an important role in the development of this disease. At present, the existing treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through the administration of longacting bronchodilators and, when deemed necessary and appropriate, inhaled corticosteroids. The pulmonary route continues to be preferential for the treatment of this disease, as it allows a localized delivery and offers several advantages, such as a faster onset of action and reduced side effects. However, the lungs are a very complex organ, so there are some challenges in using this route. Despite being one of the most common chronic diseases, COPD continues to be a major public health problem, with growing morbidity and mortality. This data proves that conventional therapies are not always sufficient to control the disease, so there is a rising need to find alternatives to help improve therapeutic results. Several formulation strategies have emerged over the last few years to try to overcome the obstacles that prevent therapeutic success in COPD patients. In this sense, nanotechnology, RNA therapies, and other strategies, have become increasingly prevalent and gather popularity in the research field, with the intent of studying the opportunities each has to offer, as well as the challenges that will need to be resolved in the event of their implementation. In this context, the purpose of this dissertation is to explore some of the formulation strategies that are currently under investigation and show promising results in the treatment of COPD, along with the associated opportunities and challenges.
Description
Keywords
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica Estratégias de formulação Nanotecnologia Sistemas de administração pulmonar