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Publication
Proveniência das matérias-primas e a sua relação com a tipologia: estudo do conjunto lítico Moustiesenre dos sítios arqueológicos do Calvero de la Higuera (Madrid, Espanha)
Abstract(s)
O Calvero de la Higuera é uma colina cársica situada em Pinilla del Valle, no Vale do rio Lozoya na Serra de Guadarrama, (Madrid, Espanha). Entre o MIS6 e MIS3, grupos Neanderthais ocuparam as estruturas naturais – grutas e abrigos. No âmbito da presente tese foram estudados os conjuntos líticos do Abrigo de Navalmaíllo, Cueva de la Buena Pinta e Cueva Des-Cubierta. A diversidade de contextos de ocupação num mesmo ambiente geológico permite comparar estratégias de gestão dos recursos e de ocupação do espaço.
Duas das características que destacam os sítios arqueológicos do Calvero de la Higuera do padrão ibérico de ocupação Neandertal e que motivaram o seu estudo são a sua situação geográfica central e o uso intensivo de quartzo e baixas proporções de cherte.
Para determinar os modos de aquisição e gestão dos recursos líticos realizaram-se i) prospeções geológicas para determinar e caracterizar as fonte disponíveis, ii) análises de laboratório para determinação de tipos de rocha por via macroscópica, petrografia, SEM/EDX e p-XRF; e iii) desenvolveram-se projetos de Arqueologia Experimental para testar o comportamento mecânico do quartzo durante o talhe e desgaste por abrasão.
Verificou-se o uso sobretudo de rochas locais, na sua maioria ígneas e metamórficas. Constatou-se a capacidade de adaptação tecnológico à exploração e uso de matérias-primas com características distintas. Concluiu-se que, apesar das dificuldades de controlo do processo de talhe, a aquisição e uso intensivo do quartzo representa uma escolha prática pela sua abundância na envolvente, mas também pela eficácia dos seus gumes. Comparando a relação entre matérias-primas locais e exógenas presentes no nível F do Abrigo de Navalmaíllo e no nível 23 da Cueva de la Buena Pinta, verificou-se que diferentes estratégias de exploração dos recursos têm correspondência com períodos climáticos distintos (MIS5a e MIS 4 respetivamente). Diferentes estratégias podem ser reflexo de acessos diferenciados aos recursos e/ou alterações de estratégias de mobilidade motivadas por mudanças ambientais.
Calvero de la Higuera is a karst hill situated in Pinilla del Valle, in the Lozoya River Valley in the Guadarrama Mountain range (Madrid, Spain). Between MIS6 and MIS3, Neanderthal groups occupied the natural structures - caves and rock shelters. In the context of this thesis, the lithic assemblages of the Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter, Cueva de la Buena Pinta and Cueva Des-Cubierta were studied. The diversity of occupation contexts in the same geological environment allows for a comparison of resource management and environment occupation strategies. Two of the features that highlight the archaeological sites of Calvero de la Higuera from the Iberian pattern of Neanderthal occupation and that motivated their study are their central geographical location and the intensive use of quartz and low chert proportions. To determine the modes of acquisition and management of lithic resources, i) geological surveys were carried out to determine and characterize the available sources, ii) laboratory analyses for macroscopic rock type determination and petrography, SEM / EDX and p-XRF for provenance study; and iii) Experimental Archaeology projects were developed to test the mechanical behaviour of quartz during knapping and abrasion wear. Neanderthals in Calvero de la Higuera exploited mainly igneous and metamorphic local rocks. Results show their ability of technological adaptation to the exploration and use of raw materials with different characteristics. It was concluded that, despite the difficulties in controlling the quartz knapping process, the acquisition and intensive use of quartz represents a practical choice for its abundance in the surroundings, but also for the effectiveness of its edges. Comparing the relationship between local and exogenous raw materials present at level F of Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter and level 23 of Cueva de la Buena Pinta, it was found that different resource exploitation strategies correspond to distinct climatic periods (MIS5a and MIS 4 respectively). Different strategies may reflect differentiated access to resources and / or changes in mobility strategies motivated by environmental changes.
Calvero de la Higuera is a karst hill situated in Pinilla del Valle, in the Lozoya River Valley in the Guadarrama Mountain range (Madrid, Spain). Between MIS6 and MIS3, Neanderthal groups occupied the natural structures - caves and rock shelters. In the context of this thesis, the lithic assemblages of the Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter, Cueva de la Buena Pinta and Cueva Des-Cubierta were studied. The diversity of occupation contexts in the same geological environment allows for a comparison of resource management and environment occupation strategies. Two of the features that highlight the archaeological sites of Calvero de la Higuera from the Iberian pattern of Neanderthal occupation and that motivated their study are their central geographical location and the intensive use of quartz and low chert proportions. To determine the modes of acquisition and management of lithic resources, i) geological surveys were carried out to determine and characterize the available sources, ii) laboratory analyses for macroscopic rock type determination and petrography, SEM / EDX and p-XRF for provenance study; and iii) Experimental Archaeology projects were developed to test the mechanical behaviour of quartz during knapping and abrasion wear. Neanderthals in Calvero de la Higuera exploited mainly igneous and metamorphic local rocks. Results show their ability of technological adaptation to the exploration and use of raw materials with different characteristics. It was concluded that, despite the difficulties in controlling the quartz knapping process, the acquisition and intensive use of quartz represents a practical choice for its abundance in the surroundings, but also for the effectiveness of its edges. Comparing the relationship between local and exogenous raw materials present at level F of Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter and level 23 of Cueva de la Buena Pinta, it was found that different resource exploitation strategies correspond to distinct climatic periods (MIS5a and MIS 4 respectively). Different strategies may reflect differentiated access to resources and / or changes in mobility strategies motivated by environmental changes.
Description
Keywords
Calvero de la Higuera Pinilla de valle Matérias-primas líticas Moustierense Neanderthal