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Bullying e traços negros da personalidade: uma revisão sistemática
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O bullying, um fenómeno social complexo entre adolescentes, tem sido associado a traços negros da personalidade, como a Tríade Negra. O bullying pode assumir várias formas, desde a agressão física, a agressão verbal, a agressão psicológica, a coação e o cyberbullying, sendo este fenómeno caracterizado por três critérios primordiais. Ao longo dos anos, foram realizados inúmeros estudos sobre os traços negros da personalidade: psicopatia, narcisismo e maquiavelismo e o sadismo. Estes traços caracterizam-se pela falta de empatia, procura de poder e infligir sofrimento. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi fornecer uma síntese atualizada dos estudos que analisam a associação entre o bullying e os traços negros da personalidade e as diferenças entre sexos nos comportamentos de bullying e nos traços negros da personalidade, e desta forma contribuir para a realização de programas de prevenção. Realizou-se uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) em conformidade com os critérios estabelecidos pelo PRISMA, sendo que foi realizada a pesquisa em 5 bases de dados e incluiu estudos qualitativos, quantitativos e de métodos mistos. Inicialmente foram identificados 373 artigos dos quais 25 foram incluídos. Os estudos incluídos abordaram para além de comportamentos de bullying, comportamentos de cyberbullying. Ademais, houve estudos que abordaram os traços negros da personalidade agrupados (Tríade Negra e Tétrade Negra) e de forma individual. Todos os estudos foram quantitativos. Todos os estudos mostraram uma clara associação entre bullying e traços negros da personalidade, predominantemente o maquiavelismo, diferenças entre os sexos, com os rapazes com maiores níveis de traços negros da personalidade e comportamentos de bullying/cyberbullying e outros fatores associados. São discutidas limitações dos estudos incluídos e limitações do presente estudo e sugestões para estudos futuros.
Bullying, a complex social phenomenon among teenagers, has been associated with dark personality traits, such as the Dark Triad. Bullying can take many forms, from physical aggression, verbal aggression, psychological aggression, coercion and cyberbullying, and this phenomenon is characterized by three main criteria. Over the years, numerous studies have been carried out on the dark personality traits of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism and sadism. These traits are characterized by a lack of empathy, seeking power and inflicting suffering. In this context, the aim of the present study was to provide an up-to-date summary of studies analyzing the association between bullying and dark personality traits and the differences between the sexes in bullying behavior and dark personality traits, and thus contribute to the implementation of prevention programs. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA, searching 5 databases and including qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies. Initially, 373 articles were identified, of which 25 were included. In addition to bullying behavior, the studies included addressed cyberbullying behavior. In addition, there were studies that addressed dark personality traits in groups (Dark Triad and Dark Tetrad) and individually. All the studies were quantitative. All the studies showed a clear association between bullying and dark personality traits, predominantly Machiavellianism, differences between the sexes, with boys having higher levels of dark personality traits and bullying/cyberbullying behavior and other associated factors. Limitations of the included studies and limitations of the present study are discussed, as well as suggestions for future studies.
Bullying, a complex social phenomenon among teenagers, has been associated with dark personality traits, such as the Dark Triad. Bullying can take many forms, from physical aggression, verbal aggression, psychological aggression, coercion and cyberbullying, and this phenomenon is characterized by three main criteria. Over the years, numerous studies have been carried out on the dark personality traits of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism and sadism. These traits are characterized by a lack of empathy, seeking power and inflicting suffering. In this context, the aim of the present study was to provide an up-to-date summary of studies analyzing the association between bullying and dark personality traits and the differences between the sexes in bullying behavior and dark personality traits, and thus contribute to the implementation of prevention programs. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA, searching 5 databases and including qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies. Initially, 373 articles were identified, of which 25 were included. In addition to bullying behavior, the studies included addressed cyberbullying behavior. In addition, there were studies that addressed dark personality traits in groups (Dark Triad and Dark Tetrad) and individually. All the studies were quantitative. All the studies showed a clear association between bullying and dark personality traits, predominantly Machiavellianism, differences between the sexes, with boys having higher levels of dark personality traits and bullying/cyberbullying behavior and other associated factors. Limitations of the included studies and limitations of the present study are discussed, as well as suggestions for future studies.
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Keywords
Adolescentes Bullying Crianças Cyberbullying Maquiavelismo Narcisismo Psicopatia