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A energia no ensino da física
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O tópico energia é considerado um dos mais importantes na educação em ciências e um
conceito que desempenha um papel central em todos os curricula de Física. Porém, está
amplamente generalizada a ideia de que se trata de um conceito difícil de ensinar.
O presente trabalho representa um contributo para o ensino deste tópico nos diferentes
curricula de Física no ensino secundário, a partir de uma perspectiva moderna do
ensino da Física elementar. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, desenvolver um modelo de
ensino-aprendizagem do conceito de energia, centrado na resolução de problemas e na
realização de actividades práticas de índole experimental e demonstrativo, privilegiando
uma abordagem CTS-Ambiente (Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade) e analisando o
impacto da energia na vida do dia-a-dia.
Realizou-se um estudo da energia em situações do quotidiano, interpretando e
compreendendo a Lei da Conservação da Energia, que permitiu o enquadramento de
conceitos energéticos na área da Mecânica, Termodinâmica e Electricidade. Estudou-se,
também, a origem histórica do conceito de energia, realizando uma breve abordagem à
forma como este foi evoluindo até aos nossos dias e focando-se o modo como a história,
a tradição, os usos e costumes influenciam a noção actual deste conceito. Na perspectiva
que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem sai bastante reforçado com a inclusão da
história da ciência e tecnologia, apresenta-se também o processo de construção dos
conceitos de energia, temperatura e calor, bem como a evolução das ideias de
conservação e transferência da energia. A integração desta abordagem histórica nas
práticas lectivas constitui uma mais valia do modelo elaborado.
Neste trabalho foca-se a necessidade de promover a utilização racional da energia e das
energias renováveis, contribuindo para a protecção do ambiente e para a melhoria da
qualidade de vida, dando a conhecer tecnologias eficientes no aproveitamento
energético que permitem diminuir o impacto ambiental relacionado com a utilização de
recursos naturais e a produção de resíduos.
É hoje indiscutível que o processo ensino-aprendizagem deve preparar os jovens para
um mundo onde os avanços da ciência e da tecnologia são crescentes. Desta forma,
pensamos que o modelo proposto é facilitador da criação de conhecimentos básicos que
vão permitir aos jovens compreender e explicar determinados acontecimentos físicos do
quotidiano, garantindo que opinem sobre questões centrais da sociedade tecnológica
actual.
Energy is considered one of the most importam subjects on sciences education and plays a central role in ali curricula of Physics. However, the ideia that energy is a difficult concept to teach is widely is generalized. The present work contributes for the education of this topic in different curricula of Physics in secondary education, from a modem perspective of the education of the elementary Physics. It is intended, with this work, to develop a model of teach-learning of the concept of energy, centered in the resolution of problems and the accomplishment of practical activities of experimental and demonstrative nature, privileging a STS-Environment (Science-Technology-Society) boarding and analyzing the impact of the energy in the life of day-by-day. A study of the energy in day-by-day situations was become fullfilled, inlerpreting and understanding the Law of the Conservation of the Energy, that allowed the ffaming of energy concepts in lhe area of the Mechanics, Thermodinamycs and Electricity. It was studied, also, the historical origin of the energy concept, carrying through one brief boarding to the form as this was evolving unlil the our days and focusing the way as history, the tradition, the uses and customs influence the current notion of this concept. In the perspective that the teach-learning process leaves sufficiently strengthened with the inclusion of the history of science and technology, one also presents the process of construction of the energy concepts, temperature and heat, as well as the evolution oí the ideias of conservation and transference of the energy. The practical integration of this historical boarding in the period of learning conslitutes, in our opinion, one more value of the elaborated model. This work focuses the necessity to promote the rational use of the energy and the renewal energies, contributing for the protection of the environment and the improvement of the quality of life, giving to know efficient technologies in the energy exploitation that allow to diminish the ambient impact related with the use of natural resources and the production of residues. It is today unquestionable that the teach-learning process must prepare students for a world where the advances of science and the technology are increasing. We think that the considered model facilitates the creation of basic knowledge that allow students to understand and to explain some daily physical events, guaranteeing that they opines on central questions of the current technological society.
Energy is considered one of the most importam subjects on sciences education and plays a central role in ali curricula of Physics. However, the ideia that energy is a difficult concept to teach is widely is generalized. The present work contributes for the education of this topic in different curricula of Physics in secondary education, from a modem perspective of the education of the elementary Physics. It is intended, with this work, to develop a model of teach-learning of the concept of energy, centered in the resolution of problems and the accomplishment of practical activities of experimental and demonstrative nature, privileging a STS-Environment (Science-Technology-Society) boarding and analyzing the impact of the energy in the life of day-by-day. A study of the energy in day-by-day situations was become fullfilled, inlerpreting and understanding the Law of the Conservation of the Energy, that allowed the ffaming of energy concepts in lhe area of the Mechanics, Thermodinamycs and Electricity. It was studied, also, the historical origin of the energy concept, carrying through one brief boarding to the form as this was evolving unlil the our days and focusing the way as history, the tradition, the uses and customs influence the current notion of this concept. In the perspective that the teach-learning process leaves sufficiently strengthened with the inclusion of the history of science and technology, one also presents the process of construction of the energy concepts, temperature and heat, as well as the evolution oí the ideias of conservation and transference of the energy. The practical integration of this historical boarding in the period of learning conslitutes, in our opinion, one more value of the elaborated model. This work focuses the necessity to promote the rational use of the energy and the renewal energies, contributing for the protection of the environment and the improvement of the quality of life, giving to know efficient technologies in the energy exploitation that allow to diminish the ambient impact related with the use of natural resources and the production of residues. It is today unquestionable that the teach-learning process must prepare students for a world where the advances of science and the technology are increasing. We think that the considered model facilitates the creation of basic knowledge that allow students to understand and to explain some daily physical events, guaranteeing that they opines on central questions of the current technological society.
Description
Dissertação de mest. em Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2004
Keywords
Ensino da Energia História do Conceito de Energia Ciencia-Tecnologia-Sociedade-Ambiente Energias Renováveis Gestão Racional da Energia