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Utilização de cannabis sativa L. em doenças neurodegenerativas
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Abstract(s)
A espécie Cannabis sativa L. apresenta um histórico de utilização muito antigo. A canábis e os seus derivados contêm mais de 500 compostos, desde canabinóides, terpenos e flavonóides. Os recetores canabinóides 1 (CB1), distribuídos principalmente no sistema nervoso central (SNC), e 2 (CB2), encontrados nomeadamente em tecidos e células imunes, juntamente com os seus ligandos endógenos (os endocanabinóides) e as respetivas enzimas metabólicas formam o sistema endocanabinóide. Este sistema é responsável por regular inúmeras funções fisiológicas do organismo, sendo cada vez mais importante como potencial alvo terapêutico para diversas patologias. Os endocanabinóides mais estudados são a anandamida (AEA) e 2-araquidonilglicerol (2-AG). Os fitocanabinóides principais são Δ- 9- tetra-hidrocanabinol (Δ9 - THC) e o canabidiol (CBD). Diversos estudos têm demonstrado o papel dos fitocanabinóides em múltiplas atividades farmacológicas, como a redução da inflamação, modulação da dor, atividade
antiepilética, efeito neuroprotetor, antioxidante, entre outros. A neuroinflamação é considerada um processo crítico no desenvolvimento de diversas patologias, incluindo neurodegenerativas. Embora diversas estratégias terapêuticas tenham sido exploradas, nenhuma forneceu resultados definitivos. Evidências indicam que os canabinóides podem oferecer novas opções de tratamento em diversas doenças, como Doença de Parkinson, Doença de Alzheimer ou Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica. O potencial terapêutico da espécie C. sativa é conhecido, muitos dos efeitos foram demonstrados em estudos, clínicos e pré-clínicos, com o objetivo de verificar as vantagens na utilização de alguns metabolitos presentes nesta espécie, no entanto, pouco se sabe acerca dos seus verdadeiros benefícios, tanto a longo, como a curto prazo. Associado ao seu uso crónico são relatados diversos impactos prejudiciais à saúde humana, como psicose, esquizofrenia e doenças mentais. É necessária a fomentação de mais estudos para que as que as evidências científicas relativamente a C. Sativa se tornem mais robustas.
The species Cannabis sativa L. has a very long history of use. Cannabis and its derivatives contain more than 500 compounds, including cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids. Cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1), distributed mainly in the central nervous system (CNS), and 2 (CB2), found mainly in tissues and immune cells, together with their endogenous ligands (the endocannabinoids) and their metabolic enzymes form the endocannabinoid system. This system is responsible for regulating numerous physiological functions in the body and is increasingly important as a potential therapeutic target for various pathologies. The most studied endocannabinoids are anandamide (AEA) and 2- arachidonylglycerol (2-AG). The main phytocannabinoids are Δ- 9- tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 - THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Several studies have demonstrated the role of phytocannabinoids in multiple pharmacological activities, such as reducing inflammation, modulating pain, antiepileptic activity, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, among others. Neuroinflammation is considered a critical process in the development of various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Although various therapeutic strategies have been explored, none have provided definitive results. Evidence indicates that cannabinoids may offer new treatment options in various diseases, such as Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The therapeutic potential of the C. sativa species is well known; many of the effects have been demonstrated in clinical and pre-clinical studies, with the aim of verifying the advantages of using some of the metabolites present in this species; however, little is known about their true benefits, both in the long and short term. Associated with its chronic use, several harmful impacts on human health have been reported, such as psychosis, schizophrenia and mental illness. More studies need to be carried out so that the scientific evidence on C. sativa becomes more robust.
The species Cannabis sativa L. has a very long history of use. Cannabis and its derivatives contain more than 500 compounds, including cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids. Cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1), distributed mainly in the central nervous system (CNS), and 2 (CB2), found mainly in tissues and immune cells, together with their endogenous ligands (the endocannabinoids) and their metabolic enzymes form the endocannabinoid system. This system is responsible for regulating numerous physiological functions in the body and is increasingly important as a potential therapeutic target for various pathologies. The most studied endocannabinoids are anandamide (AEA) and 2- arachidonylglycerol (2-AG). The main phytocannabinoids are Δ- 9- tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 - THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Several studies have demonstrated the role of phytocannabinoids in multiple pharmacological activities, such as reducing inflammation, modulating pain, antiepileptic activity, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, among others. Neuroinflammation is considered a critical process in the development of various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Although various therapeutic strategies have been explored, none have provided definitive results. Evidence indicates that cannabinoids may offer new treatment options in various diseases, such as Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The therapeutic potential of the C. sativa species is well known; many of the effects have been demonstrated in clinical and pre-clinical studies, with the aim of verifying the advantages of using some of the metabolites present in this species; however, little is known about their true benefits, both in the long and short term. Associated with its chronic use, several harmful impacts on human health have been reported, such as psychosis, schizophrenia and mental illness. More studies need to be carried out so that the scientific evidence on C. sativa becomes more robust.
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Keywords
C. sativa Canabidiol Canabinóide Tetra-hidrocanabinol Doença neurodegenerativa Neuroproteção