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O apoio social e a saúde mental numa amostra de famílias de Cabo Verde
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Abstract(s)
A existência de relações saudáveis e de confiança que oferecem apoio é um fator importante,
principalmente, para as famílias que enfrentam adversidades, sejam estas de natureza relacional,
pessoal, ambiental ou socioeconómica. O presente estudo teve como objetivos analisar as relações
entre o perfil psicossocial, os acontecimentos de vida negativos, o apoio social percebido e a saúde
mental nas famílias da Ilha da Boa Vista (Cabo Verde). Participaram 66 famílias (56 mães e 10
pais), com idades compreendidas entre os 22 e os 58 anos, cujos filhos tinham entre 6 e 12 anos de
idade. Foram aplicados vários questionários, através de entrevista individual, que avaliaram os
acontecimentos de vida stressantes ou negativos, o tamanho da rede de apoio social, o apoio
percebido e a saúde mental dos pais. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar da maioria dos
participantes estarem empregados, a qualificação profissional é baixa e os estudos secundários estão
incompletos. Além disso, existe uma elevada taxa de monoparentalidade nestas famílias. Quanto
aos acontecimentos de vida negativos atuais e passados, foram mais frequentes os problemas
económicos, profissionais, conjugais e familiares. Os participantes com precaridade económica e
maltrato infantil no passado apresentaram piores níveis de saúde mental. Ao nível do apoio social,
a rede social era ampla, e as famílias possuíam familiares e amigos como fonte de apoio social,
demonstrando que o apoio vindo de profissionais é escasso. Os participantes reportaram o apoio
material como a rede de menor dimensão, acompanhada do emocional, e o informativo maior que as duas anteriores. O apoio social total e o nº de acontecimentos de vida negativos foram preditores da saúde mental, explicando 23% da variancia.
When families face adversity, the existence of healthy and trusting relationships that offer support is essential, whether these are of a relational, personal, environmental or socioeconomic nature. This study is aimed to analyze the relationships between the psychosocial profile, negative life events, perceived social support and mental health in the families of Ilha da Boa Vista (Cape Verde). Sixty-six families participated (56 mothers and 10 fathers), aged between 22 and 58 years old. Their children had between 6 and 12 years old. Several questionnaires were applied through individual interviews, which assessed stressful or negative life events, the size of their social support network, their perceived support, and their mental health. The results showed that, despite the majority of the participants being employed, professional qualification is low and secondary educational studies are incomplete. Additionally, there is a high rate of single parents in these families. Economic, professional, marital and family problems were the most frequent both in current life and in the past. Participants with economic difficulties and a history of child abuse showed the highest levels of mental health problems. In terms of social support, their social network was extensive, however support from professionals was scarce. The participants reported that material support from their social network was minimal, they received a slightly higher of level of emotional support from this network, and informational support was reported to be the most common. Social support and the number of negative events were predictors of mental health, explaining 23% of the variance.
When families face adversity, the existence of healthy and trusting relationships that offer support is essential, whether these are of a relational, personal, environmental or socioeconomic nature. This study is aimed to analyze the relationships between the psychosocial profile, negative life events, perceived social support and mental health in the families of Ilha da Boa Vista (Cape Verde). Sixty-six families participated (56 mothers and 10 fathers), aged between 22 and 58 years old. Their children had between 6 and 12 years old. Several questionnaires were applied through individual interviews, which assessed stressful or negative life events, the size of their social support network, their perceived support, and their mental health. The results showed that, despite the majority of the participants being employed, professional qualification is low and secondary educational studies are incomplete. Additionally, there is a high rate of single parents in these families. Economic, professional, marital and family problems were the most frequent both in current life and in the past. Participants with economic difficulties and a history of child abuse showed the highest levels of mental health problems. In terms of social support, their social network was extensive, however support from professionals was scarce. The participants reported that material support from their social network was minimal, they received a slightly higher of level of emotional support from this network, and informational support was reported to be the most common. Social support and the number of negative events were predictors of mental health, explaining 23% of the variance.
Description
Keywords
Acontecimentos de vida negativos Apoio social Famílias em risco psicossocial Saúde mental