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Pictogramas de apoio à gestão da medicação revisão sistemática da literatura
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| 1.48 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A sociedade atual é caracterizada pelo envelhecimento demográfico e, apesar das melhorias, quer dos cuidados de saúde, quer das condições socioeconómicas que levaram ao aumento da longevidade, verificou-se que o processo de envelhecimento é acompanhado pelo desenvolvimento de várias doenças, contribuindo para o aumento da polimedicação. A polimedicação nesta população torna-se complexa devido às alterações farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas associadas ao envelhecimento fisiológico, mas também devido ao declínio das habilidades físicas e cognitivas, essenciais na correta gestão da medicação. A capacidade dos doentes idosos para compreender a informação relativa aos seus regimes terapêuticos constitui um ponto crítico para uma correta utilização da medicação. Os pictogramas são particularmente úteis para transmitir informações relativas à medicação (indicação, horário das tomas, efeitos secundários…), sobretudo a doentes com baixo nível de literacia em saúde. Várias pesquisas confirmam que a sua inclusão em materiais informativos influencia positivamente a atenção, compreensão, recordação e adesão do doente ao tratamento demonstrando o seu potencial na gestão da medicação do idoso. O objetivo desta dissertação é descrever e analisar o resultado da utilização de pictogramas no processo de adesão e gestão da medicação pelo doente idoso, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura com base na abordagem metodológica pré-definida descrita no Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
No total foram incluídos na revisão catorze estudos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão definidos. Os estudos foram heterogéneos no que diz respeito ao desenho do estudo, tamanho da população e tipos de resultados De uma forma geral, as intervenções mostraram resultados positivos promovendo maior adesão do doente ao tratamento e controlando problemas relacionados com a utilização incorreta de medicação, no entanto, os resultados específicos reforçam a necessidade de mais estudos nesta área para fornecer uma abordagem mais completa sobre os pictogramas na assistência à saúde, sobretudo nesta faixa etária.
Today's society is characterized by demographic aging and, despite improvements, both in health care and socioeconomic conditions that led to increased longevity, it was found that the aging process is accompanied by the development of various diseases, contributing to the increased polypharmacy. Polypharmacy in this population becomes complex due to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes associated with physiological aging, but also due to the decline in physical and cognitive abilities, essential in correct medication management. The ability of elderly patients to understand information about their therapeutic regimens is a critical point for the correct use of medication. Pictograms are particularly useful for conveying information related to medication (indication, time of taking, side effects…), especially for patients with low health literacy. Several studies confirm that its inclusion in informative materials positively influences the patient's attention, understanding, recall and adherence to treatment, demonstrating its potential for medication management in the elderly. The objective of this dissertation is to describe and analyze the result of the use of pictograms in the process of adherence and medication management by elderly patients, through a systematic review of the literature based on the pre-defined methodological approach described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). In total, fourteen studies that met the defined inclusion criteria were included in the review. The studies were heterogeneous with regard to the study design, population size and types of results In general, the interventions showed positive results promoting greater patient adherence to treatment and controlling problems related to the incorrect use of medication, however, the specific results reinforce the need for further studies in this area to provide a more complete approach about pictograms in health care, especially in this age range.
Today's society is characterized by demographic aging and, despite improvements, both in health care and socioeconomic conditions that led to increased longevity, it was found that the aging process is accompanied by the development of various diseases, contributing to the increased polypharmacy. Polypharmacy in this population becomes complex due to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes associated with physiological aging, but also due to the decline in physical and cognitive abilities, essential in correct medication management. The ability of elderly patients to understand information about their therapeutic regimens is a critical point for the correct use of medication. Pictograms are particularly useful for conveying information related to medication (indication, time of taking, side effects…), especially for patients with low health literacy. Several studies confirm that its inclusion in informative materials positively influences the patient's attention, understanding, recall and adherence to treatment, demonstrating its potential for medication management in the elderly. The objective of this dissertation is to describe and analyze the result of the use of pictograms in the process of adherence and medication management by elderly patients, through a systematic review of the literature based on the pre-defined methodological approach described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). In total, fourteen studies that met the defined inclusion criteria were included in the review. The studies were heterogeneous with regard to the study design, population size and types of results In general, the interventions showed positive results promoting greater patient adherence to treatment and controlling problems related to the incorrect use of medication, however, the specific results reinforce the need for further studies in this area to provide a more complete approach about pictograms in health care, especially in this age range.
Description
Keywords
Adesão à terapêutica Gestão da medicação Idosos Literacia em saúde Pictogramas