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Nanotecnologia aplicada à regeneração de feridas
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Abstract(s)
As feridas representam um problema global em saúde, afetando pessoas em todo o mundo, independentemente da idade, género, raça ou localização geográfica, sendo um problema crescente devido à sua alta morbilidade e custo, a National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel estimou os custos diretamente associados ao tratamento de úlceras, sendo estas as feridas crónicas mais comuns e verificou que os gastos são significativos, com valores entre 400 e 56 mil euros.
Os métodos atuais mais usados para o tratamento de feridas são: sutura cirúrgica, que apresenta limitações uma vez que pode causar danos à pele e tecidos moles, os pensos que são propensos a promover erupções cutâneas ou anormalidades na pele após o uso, a engenharia de tecidos, embora a estrutura seja mais simples do que a pele real e por fim, fisioterapia, que apesar de não invasiva e sem complicações geralmente é apenas usada como meio auxiliar de outras terapias para promover a reparação de feridas.
Devido aos problemas e desafios da terapêutica convencional surgiu a necessidade de desenvolver novos métodos para acelerar e melhorar a regeneração de feridas para que estas não evoluam para feridas crónicas, pelo que a nanotecnologia farmacêutica veio ajudar através do desenvolvimento de nanopartículas para administração tópica de fármacos.
Algumas das vantagens importantes em relação aos tratamentos convencionais, são a sua maior área de superfície, a possível libertação prolongada de fármacos, boa biocompatibilidade e propriedades antimicrobianas em alguns tipos de nanopartículas.
Apesar do enorme potencial destes novos métodos e de estarmos num bom caminho para o seu desenvolvimento é necessário um maior desenvolvimento científico para substituir a terapêutica convencional, uma vez que são necessários mais produtos nanotecnológicos com custo-benefício relevante no mercado.
O objetivo desta dissertação é então explorar as estratégias nanotecnológicas para o tratamento de vários tipos de ferida.
Wounds represent a global health problem, affecting people around the world, regardless of age, gender, race or geographic location, being a growing problem due to their high morbidity and cost, the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel estimated the directly associated costs to the treatment of ulcers, these being the most common chronic wounds and found that the costs are significant, with amounts between 400 and 56 thousand euros. The most commonly used current methods for treating wounds are: surgical suturing, which has limitations as it can cause damage to the skin and soft tissues, dressings that are prone to promoting rashes or skin abnormalities after use, engineering tissues, although the structure is simpler than real skin and finally, physiotherapy, which despite being non-invasive and without complications is generally only used as an auxiliary means of other therapies to promote wound repair. Due to the problems and challenges of conventional therapy, there was a need to develop new methods to accelerate and improve wound regeneration so that they do not evolve into chronic wounds, which is why pharmaceutical nanotechnology has come to help through the development of nanoparticles for topical drug administration. Some of the important advantages in relation to conventional treatments are their greater surface area, the possible prolonged release of drugs, good biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties in some types of nanoparticles. Despite the enormous potential of these new methods and the fact that we are on a good path towards their development, further scientific development is necessary to replace conventional therapy, as more nanotechnological products with relevant cost-benefit are needed on the market. The objective of this dissertation is to explore nanotechnological strategies for the treatment of various types of wounds.
Wounds represent a global health problem, affecting people around the world, regardless of age, gender, race or geographic location, being a growing problem due to their high morbidity and cost, the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel estimated the directly associated costs to the treatment of ulcers, these being the most common chronic wounds and found that the costs are significant, with amounts between 400 and 56 thousand euros. The most commonly used current methods for treating wounds are: surgical suturing, which has limitations as it can cause damage to the skin and soft tissues, dressings that are prone to promoting rashes or skin abnormalities after use, engineering tissues, although the structure is simpler than real skin and finally, physiotherapy, which despite being non-invasive and without complications is generally only used as an auxiliary means of other therapies to promote wound repair. Due to the problems and challenges of conventional therapy, there was a need to develop new methods to accelerate and improve wound regeneration so that they do not evolve into chronic wounds, which is why pharmaceutical nanotechnology has come to help through the development of nanoparticles for topical drug administration. Some of the important advantages in relation to conventional treatments are their greater surface area, the possible prolonged release of drugs, good biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties in some types of nanoparticles. Despite the enormous potential of these new methods and the fact that we are on a good path towards their development, further scientific development is necessary to replace conventional therapy, as more nanotechnological products with relevant cost-benefit are needed on the market. The objective of this dissertation is to explore nanotechnological strategies for the treatment of various types of wounds.
Description
Keywords
Ferida Morbilidade Custo de tratamento Nanotecnologia Regeneração de tecidos Nanopartícula